Which is INCORRECT regarding nerve supply to the gut?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because blood vessels in the gut are not innervated by the enteric nervous system. The enteric nervous system primarily regulates gut motility, secretion, and blood flow, but it does not innervate blood vessels. The myenteric plexus lies between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers, making choice B correct. Parasympathetic supply to the gut comes from the vagus nerve and sacral nerves, supporting choice C. Sympathetic supply is often inhibitory on cholinergic postganglionic fibers, making choice D accurate. Therefore, A is incorrect as the enteric nervous system does not innervate blood vessels in the gut.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peristaltic rushes. Peristaltic rushes are abnormal and excessive contractions that can result in diarrhea or bowel urgency. In normal health, peristalsis (A) is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of intestinal smooth muscles that moves contents along the digestive tract. Weak antiperistalsis (B) refers to reverse contractions that are weaker than normal peristalsis. Tonic contractions (D) are sustained contractions that help maintain muscle tone and control flow. Therefore, peristaltic rushes are the only option that does not occur in normal health due to their abnormal and disruptive nature.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy expended by the body at rest to maintain basic physiological functions. Choice D is correct because it states that BMR is about 40Kcal/m2/h in an average man, which is a commonly accepted value. This is based on the energy needed for essential bodily functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because: A) BMR is generally higher in men due to their higher muscle mass; B) BMR is measured after an overnight fast, not within 12 hours after the last meal; C) Fever typically increases BMR by around 7% per 1°C rise, not 18%.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: 1. Endocrine glands are ductless: Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream instead of using ducts. 2. Exocrine glands release secretions at the body's surface or into ducts: Exocrine glands release their secretions through ducts to the body's surface or specific locations. 3. Therefore, the key difference is the presence of ducts: Endocrine glands lack ducts, while exocrine glands have ducts for secretion. This distinction makes choice C the correct answer. Summary: A: Incorrect. Endocrine glands and exocrine glands can both be formed by epithelial tissue. B: Incorrect. Exocrine glands release enzymes and other substances, not waste products. D: Incorrect. There is no interconnection requirement for endocrine glands, and exocrine glands can also be interconnected.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 1. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH. 2. Oxytocin is responsible for uterine contractions and milk ejection. 3. ADH regulates water balance by controlling water reabsorption in the kidneys. Therefore, B is the correct answer. A, C, and D are incorrect because prolactin, growth hormone, and other hormones are not stored or released by the posterior pituitary.