Which is incorrect regarding CAPD peritonitis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Staph aureus isn't the most common CAPD peritonitis organism Staph epidermidis (skin flora) leads, incorrect. Gram stain positivity (10-40%) aligns low yield, true. Parenteral antibiotics are rare intraperitoneal suffices, correct. Cell count >100 with >50% neutrophils defines it accurate. Epidermidis's dominance distinguishes the error, key to CAPD infection patterns, unlike stain, route, or diagnostic truths.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: IV fluids in renal colic aim for 200 mL/hr urine output hydrates, aids stone passage (e.g., <5 mm), standard. 2 L/2 hr risks overload excessive. Maintenance is too slow insufficient push. 1 L/1 hr lacks precision cardiac caveat vague. Output goal distinguishes it, key to flushing strategy, unlike volume or rate errors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nephritic conditions (e.g., glomerulonephritis) show hematuria, hypertension, proteinuria, red cell casts glomerular inflammation hallmark. Nephrotic syndrome lacks casts edema, heavy proteinuria. Hepatorenal is liver-related no casts. Rhabdomyolysis causes myoglobinuria not glomerular. Nephritic profile distinguishes it, key to renal diagnosis, unlike protein, liver, or muscle disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading CRF cause hyperglycemia scars nephrons (e.g., diabetic nephropathy), outpacing hypertension (vascular), GN (immune), and PKD (genetic). Diabetes's frequency distinguishes it, critical for CRF burden, unlike secondary or rarer etiologies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: IgA nephropathy (Berger's) is the commonest glomerulonephritis chronic, frequent acute flares (e.g., post-viral hematuria), outpacing post-strep (episodic), Goodpasture's (rare), and SLE (systemic). IgA's global burden distinguishes it, key to GN prevalence, unlike less frequent or severe forms.