ATI RN
Urinary System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is incorrect of renal transplant patients?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cyclosporine toxicity is common, not rare narrow therapeutic window, unpredictable levels (e.g., nephrotoxicity), incorrect. Identical twins need no immunosuppression genetic match, true. Rejection symptoms (tenderness, oliguria, creatinine rise) classic, accurate. Infection's early dominance (80% in year 1) correct. Toxicity's frequency distinguishes the error, critical for transplant management, unlike true donor, rejection, or infection statements.
Question 2 of 5
What is the role of plain AXR in diagnosis of renal colic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plain AXR has marginal value in renal colic not cost-effective, replaced by non-contrast CT (~95% sensitivity). Always doing it wastes resources CT superior. Majority shown (~80%) still misses urate. Low sensitivity (~50-60%) is true but not the full reason CT rules. Marginal utility distinguishes it, key to modern imaging shift, unlike routine or partial truths.
Question 3 of 5
What percentage renal function can be lost but still have a creatinine in the normal range?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ~60% renal function (GFR) can be lost with normal creatinine compensatory hypertrophy masks decline (e.g., GFR 120 to 50 mL/min), nonlinear rise. 20-50% underestimates creatinine lags. 60% distinguishes it, critical for early CKD detection, unlike lower estimates.
Question 4 of 5
What is the cause of most common cause of death in pts with CRF?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac causes top CRF deaths accelerated atherosclerosis, fluid overload (e.g., CHF) from uremia, outstrip sepsis (immunosuppression), CVA (stroke), and malignancy (late risk). Cardiac predominance distinguishes it, key to CRF mortality, unlike infection or other complications.
Question 5 of 5
A 60-year-old male with history of benign prostatic hypertrophy presents complaining of nausea and vomiting. Laboratory values include serum Na of 145 mmol/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 45 mg/dL, creatinine of 2.0 mg/dL, urine Na of 10, and urine creatinine of 80. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal failure fits BUN:creatinine >20:1 (22.5), urine Na <20 (10), high urine:serum creatinine (>40:1), dehydration from vomiting/BPH obstruction. ATN shows FENa >1, urine Na >40 tubular damage. Glomerulonephritis has casts absent here. Postrenal (BPH) raises creatinine more obstruction incomplete. Prerenal markers distinguish it, key to hypoperfusion diagnosis, unlike intrinsic or obstructive patterns.