ATI RN
Maternity and Pediatric Nursing 4th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is descriptive of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Option B is descriptive of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Manifestations of ADHD can significantly impact the child's life, but are most noticeable in the classroom setting. Children with ADHD may struggle with paying attention, staying organized, controlling impulsive behavior, and following instructions in the school environment. While symptoms can also affect other areas of life, such as social interactions and familial relationships, they are typically most prominently displayed in the structured school setting, making it easier to recognize and diagnose the disorder.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is conducting an admission assessment on a school-age child with acute renal failure. Which are the primary clinical manifestations the nurse expects to find with this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in the reduced ability to excrete waste products and maintain fluid balance. The primary clinical manifestations typically seen in acute renal failure include oliguria (low urine output) due to decreased kidney function, and hypertension (high blood pressure) as the body retains excess fluid and waste products. These symptoms indicate impaired kidney function and the need for immediate medical intervention to prevent further complications. Hematuria, proteinuria, muscle cramps, bacteriuria, and facial edema are not typically primary clinical manifestations of acute renal failure.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a child after a cardiac catheterization. Which complication should the nurse be assessing for?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After a cardiac catheterization, the nurse should be assessing for the development of cardiac arrhythmias, as this is a potential complication associated with the procedure. Cardiac arrhythmias can occur due to irritation of the heart during the catheterization, changes in electrolyte levels, or other factors related to the procedure. Monitoring the child's cardiac rhythm closely allows for early detection and management of arrhythmias to prevent serious complications. While other complications such as hypostatic pneumonia, heart failure, and rapidly increasing blood pressure can also occur, cardiac arrhythmia is the most important complication to assess for immediately post-cardiac catheterization.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes that a risk exists of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). Which is an important objective to decrease this risk?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect, promoting cardiac output is crucial to decreasing the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). Hypoxia resulting from the cardiac defect can lead to inadequate oxygen supply to the brain, increasing the risk of strokes. By optimizing cardiac output, the body can deliver sufficient oxygen to vital organs, including the brain, reducing the likelihood of cerebrovascular accidents. It is essential to focus on supporting cardiac function to improve overall perfusion and oxygenation levels, ultimately helping to mitigate the risk of strokes in this vulnerable population.
Question 5 of 5
Which occurs in septic shock?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In septic shock, vasoconstriction is a common phenomenon. This occurs as part of the body's response to the infection, where blood vessels constrict in an attempt to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs. The vasoconstriction leads to increased systemic vascular resistance and contributes to the hypotension seen in septic shock. The body's natural response to infection also involves a release of inflammatory mediators, which can cause vasodilation in some areas while concurrent vasoconstriction occurs in others, resulting in uneven blood flow distribution and contributing to organ dysfunction. Therefore, vasoconstriction is a key factor in the pathophysiology of septic shock.