Which is characteristic of the German healthcare system?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: An average hospital stay of 9 days. This is characteristic of the German healthcare system as it typically has longer hospital stays compared to other countries, allowing for more comprehensive care and recovery. The other choices are incorrect because: A is not true as health insurance payments in Germany are based on income; B is incorrect as ambulatory care in Germany is provided by a mix of nonprofit and for-profit hospitals, not centralized nonprofit hospitals; D is incorrect because nurse practitioners in Germany do not operate independently but work under the supervision of physicians.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Review outcomes of clinical trials. In addressing an outbreak of a new infectious disease, evidence-based practice involves using the best available evidence to make informed decisions. Clinical trials provide valuable data on the effectiveness of treatments and interventions for specific diseases. By reviewing outcomes of clinical trials, the nurse can make evidence-based decisions on the most effective strategies to address the outbreak. Incorrect choices: A: Reviewing policies and procedures may provide guidance on organizational protocols but may not offer specific evidence on the most effective interventions for the new infectious disease. C: Reviewing nursing textbooks may provide general information but may not offer the most up-to-date and specific evidence on the new infectious disease. D: Reviewing reputable sites on the Internet can be helpful, but the information may vary in quality and reliability compared to the evidence obtained from clinical trials.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the first step in implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) is to evaluate best practices to determine the most effective strategies for weight control in children. This involves researching and analyzing existing evidence to identify interventions with proven success rates. This step is crucial to ensure that the interventions chosen are based on solid evidence and are likely to yield positive outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as it jumps straight to monitoring without first identifying effective interventions. Choice D is incorrect as scheduling physician appointments is not the initial step in implementing EBP. Choice B is incomplete and does not provide a specific action to address the rising incidence of obesity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Compare and contrast randomized controlled trials related to learning in elementary schoolchildren. This is the best way to use evidence-based practice (EBP) because it involves analyzing scientific studies that have used rigorous methodology to test interventions in real-world settings. By comparing and contrasting these trials, the school health nurse can identify the most effective health education programs for elementary schoolchildren based on empirical evidence. Other choices are incorrect: A: Asking other school health nurses about their programs is anecdotal and lacks empirical evidence. C: Developing games may be engaging but doesn't necessarily ensure the effectiveness of the programs. D: Searching the internet for programs may not guarantee the quality or validity of the information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administrators. Administrators are the group that typically sets policies, guidelines, and expectations within healthcare settings, including the adoption of evidence-based practice (EBP) to improve patient outcomes and quality of care. They have the authority to enforce compliance and allocate resources for EBP implementation. Nurses (C) and physicians (D) may be encouraged to use EBP, but administrators have more influence in driving its adoption. Insurance companies (B) may incentivize EBP through reimbursement policies, but they do not have direct control over clinicians' practice decisions like administrators do.