Which is an objective of care for a 10-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The management goal for a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is to reduce the excretion of urinary protein. In this condition, there is an abnormal loss of protein in the urine due to damage in the glomeruli of the kidneys. Reducing the excretion of urinary protein helps prevent complications associated with protein loss, such as edema and hypoalbuminemia. While reducing blood pressure may be important in some cases, the primary focus for this specific condition is to address the protein leak in the urine. Increasing the excretion of urinary protein would worsen the condition, and increasing the ability of tissues to retain fluid is not the desired outcome in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: CT scan of head and neck is not a feature of REM sleep; it is an imaging study unrelated to the physiological characteristics of REM sleep.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is a heart defect that involves four specific abnormalities in the heart's structure. One of these abnormalities is a ventricular septal defect, which results in a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This leads to inadequate oxygenation of tissues because some of the blood that is pumped out to the body is not fully oxygenated. As a result, the child may experience fatigue and poor activity tolerance due to the reduced oxygen supply to the tissues and organs. This is why the nurse would expect to see these symptoms in a 3-year-old with tetralogy of Fallot.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A client who is HIV positive should have the mouth examined for oral thrush, which presents as creamy white patches on the tongue or lining of the mouth. Oral thrush, caused by the fungus Candida albicans, is a common oral problem associated with AIDS. It is important to detect and treat oral thrush promptly in HIV-positive individuals as it can cause discomfort, difficulty swallowing, and further complications if left untreated. Regular oral examinations and proper oral hygiene practices are essential for managing oral health in individuals living with HIV/AIDS.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morphine is given in acute pulmonary edema to decrease pulmonary capillary pressure. By reducing pulmonary capillary pressure, morphine helps to redistribute the pulmonary circulation to the periphery, leading to improved oxygenation and decreased symptoms of pulmonary edema. Morphine works to vasodilate the blood vessels, which ultimately helps decrease the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, allowing for improved blood flow to the periphery of the lungs. This redistribution of pulmonary circulation helps to alleviate the congestion and fluid buildup in the lungs that occurs in acute pulmonary edema.