Which is an example of appropriate psychosexual development?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because according to Freud's psychosexual development theory, the oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months. During this stage, infants derive pleasure from sucking and biting, hence using a pacifier to relieve anxiety is a normal behavior. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe behaviors that are not developmentally appropriate for the respective age groups according to Freud's theory. Choice B refers to the latency stage (6 to puberty), choice C suggests the phallic stage (3 to 6 years), and choice D indicates the anal stage (18 months to 3 years).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Running amok. A culture-bound syndrome is a psychological disorder specific to a certain culture or region. Running amok is a term used in Southeast Asia to describe a sudden outburst of violent behavior. Epilepsy, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder are not culture-bound syndromes as they are recognized and diagnosed worldwide. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it fits the definition of a culture-bound syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because only advanced practice nurses, such as psychiatric nurse practitioners, have the authority to prescribe psychotropic medication. This action requires specialized training and legal authorization beyond the scope of practice for staff nurses. Choice A is incorrect because staff nurses are trained to perform mental health assessments as part of their regular duties. Choice C is incorrect as establishing therapeutic relationships is a fundamental nursing skill that all nurses, including new staff nurses, are expected to possess. Choice D is incorrect because individualizing nursing care plans is a standard practice for all nurses based on the patient's specific needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lower the patient's current anxiety. This is the first step because a patient experiencing severe anxiety may not be able to focus on learning coping strategies until their anxiety is reduced. It is essential to address the immediate issue of anxiety to create a conducive environment for learning. Incorrect choices: A: Verify the patient's learning style - While understanding the patient's learning style is important, it is not the priority when the patient is in a state of severe anxiety. C: Create outcomes and a teaching plan - Developing outcomes and a teaching plan should come after addressing the immediate anxiety to ensure the patient can engage effectively in the learning process. D: Assess how the patient uses defense mechanisms - While understanding defense mechanisms is relevant, it is not the primary concern when the patient is in a state of severe anxiety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a commonly understood diagnostic category for clinical practice. The DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) is primarily used to standardize the classification of mental disorders for diagnosis and treatment planning in clinical practice. It helps clinicians communicate effectively by providing a common language and set of criteria for diagnosing mental health conditions. Choice B is incorrect because the DSM-IV-TR focuses on classification rather than treatment modalities. Choice C is incorrect as the DSM-IV-TR does not focus on identifying etiologies based on family histories but rather on symptom criteria and patterns. Choice D is incorrect as the DSM-IV-TR does not provide specific optimal treatment outcomes but rather aids in accurate diagnosis and classification.