Which is a key component of program evaluation in community health?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluating health outcomes. This is a key component of program evaluation in community health as it assesses the impact and effectiveness of the program on improving health. It provides crucial data to determine if the program is achieving its intended health-related goals. Monitoring program implementation (C) focuses on process rather than outcomes. Identifying program goals and objectives (A) is important but does not directly evaluate the program's impact. Ensuring program sustainability (B) is crucial for long-term success but is not a core component of program evaluation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of a disease before it occurs. Administering immunizations falls under this category by boosting immunity against specific diseases, thereby preventing individuals from getting sick in the first place. This action directly addresses the root cause of the disease by stopping it before it starts. Screening for early signs of disease (B) involves detecting a disease that has already developed, which is considered secondary prevention. Providing rehabilitation services (C) and offering smoking cessation programs (D) focus on managing existing conditions rather than preventing them from occurring initially.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Addressing the social determinants of health. This is a key principle of public health because it recognizes that health outcomes are influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. By addressing these determinants, public health interventions can have a broader impact on improving overall population health. A: Focusing on individual health behaviors is important but not sufficient for public health, as it does not address the underlying causes of health disparities. C: Reducing health care costs may be a goal, but it does not encompass the holistic approach of public health. D: Increasing access to health services is crucial, but it is only one aspect of public health and does not address the root causes of health inequities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases in their early stages to prevent progression. Screening for early signs of disease (choice C) aligns with this goal by identifying individuals at risk before symptoms manifest. Administering vaccines (choice A) is an example of primary prevention, preventing disease before it occurs. Providing treatment for chronic diseases (choice B) is considered tertiary prevention, managing conditions after they have developed. Offering health education workshops (choice D) focuses on disease prevention rather than early detection, making it more aligned with primary prevention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Community involvement. In health promotion programs, involving the community is essential for sustainability, engagement, and effectiveness. Community members have firsthand knowledge of local needs and preferences, leading to more tailored interventions. Additionally, community involvement fosters ownership, empowerment, and trust, promoting long-term behavior change. Sufficient funding (B) is important but not a critical component as it doesn't guarantee community engagement or effectiveness. Effective leadership (C) is crucial but not specific to health promotion programs. Transparent communication (D) is vital for program success, but it alone does not encompass all aspects of a health promotion program like community involvement does.