Which is a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. One of the most serious complications of rheumatic fever is cardiac involvement, specifically damage to the heart valves. This occurs due to the body's immune response attacking the heart valves as a result of molecular mimicry between streptococcal antigens and human tissues. The damage to the heart valves can result in conditions like mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation, which can lead to heart failure if not managed appropriately. Therefore, cardiac valve damage is a common and serious complication of rheumatic fever that requires monitoring and treatment to prevent long-term consequences.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During a uterosigmoidostomy procedure for treating a malignant tumor, a critical task of the nurse is to inspect for bleeding or cyanosis. Bleeding can be a potential complication during surgery and needs to be promptly identified and managed by the nurse. Cyanosis, which is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, can indicate a lack of blood flow to the tissues. Both bleeding and cyanosis are serious issues that require immediate attention to prevent further complications and ensure the client's safety and well-being. Therefore, assessing and monitoring for these signs are crucial tasks for the nurse in this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient is displaying signs of hypokalemia (low potassium levels) due to severe vomiting. Symptoms of hypokalemia can include weakness, fatigue, and ECG changes such as flat T waves and ST segment depression. The potassium level that is most likely associated with these symptoms is 2.0mEq/L. Severe vomiting can lead to significant loss of potassium from the body, causing these abnormalities. It is important to address and correct the potassium imbalance to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 3200 ml. To calculate the total IV fluid intake over 24 hours, we add up the volumes of the different fluids. D5W 1000 ml + normal saline 500 ml + D5NS 1500 ml = 3000 ml. Adding the antibiotic piggyback in 50 ml D5W every 8 hours, we get 150 ml in 24 hours. Therefore, the total IV fluid intake is 3000 ml + 150 ml = 3200 ml. Option A) 3150 ml is incorrect because it does not include the additional 50 ml of antibiotic piggyback every 8 hours, making the total less than 3200 ml. Option B) 3650 ml is incorrect because it includes the incorrect calculation of adding the antibiotic piggyback every 8 hours multiple times, leading to an inflated total volume. Option D) 3750 ml is incorrect as it overestimates the total IV fluid intake by including incorrect calculations and multiple counts of the antibiotic piggyback volume. Understanding IV fluid calculations is crucial for pediatric nursing as precise administration is vital for patient safety. Nurses must accurately calculate and monitor IV fluid intake to prevent dehydration or fluid overload in pediatric patients undergoing treatments like the Whippie procedure for cancer of the pancreas.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a person loses 0.5 kg of weight, it is commonly assumed that most of the weight loss is due to fluid loss. The approximate fluid loss for every 0.5 kg of weight loss is around 500 ml. This estimation is based on the fact that 1 kg of body weight is approximately equivalent to 1 liter of fluid. Therefore, for a 0.5 kg weight loss, the fluid loss would be approximately 500 ml (0.5 liters).