Which is a common childhood communicable disease that may cause severe defects in the fetus when it occurs in its congenital form?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rubella is a common childhood communicable disease that can cause severe defects in the fetus when a pregnant woman contracts the infection, leading to congenital rubella syndrome. This syndrome can result in various abnormalities in the developing fetus, such as hearing loss, vision problems, heart defects, and intellectual disabilities. Rubella is particularly dangerous when contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy, leading to a higher risk of complications for the unborn child. Therefore, Rubella is a significant public health concern due to its potential impact on fetal development and the importance of vaccination to prevent its spread.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Caput succedaneum is the vaguely outlined area of edematous tissue situated over the portion of the scalp that presents in a vertex delivery. It is often caused by pressure from the vaginal wall during labor. This condition does not involve the calvarial bone and typically resolves on its own within a few days after birth. Hydrocephalus refers to the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain, which can result in an enlarged head circumference. Cephalhematoma is a collection of blood between the periosteum and the skull bone, usually occurring after birth trauma. Subdural hematoma is bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater surrounding the brain and is typically seen in traumatic head injuries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Parents should be encouraged to name their newborn if they have not done so already because giving the baby a name can help the parents acknowledge their baby as a unique individual. It can also provide a sense of connection and identity, which can be important for the grieving process and coping with the loss. Naming the baby allows the parents to honor their child's existence and memory, and it can be a meaningful part of their healing journey.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During the acute phase of treatment with IV calcium gluconate for hypocalcemia in a newborn, it is essential to closely monitor the newborn's level of consciousness. Hypocalcemia can lead to central nervous system changes, such as irritability, jitteriness, and seizures. By awakening the newborn periodically to assess their level of consciousness, the nurse can promptly identify any signs of worsening central nervous system involvement and take appropriate action. This intervention ensures timely detection of any neurological complications and allows for timely intervention to prevent serious consequences. The other options do not address the importance of monitoring for central nervous system changes during the acute phase of treatment for hypocalcemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Encouraging the breastfeeding mother to adhere to a low-phenylalanine diet is an important nursing consideration in the care of the newborn with PKU. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism in which the body cannot metabolize phenylalanine properly. If a newborn with PKU consumes formula or breast milk that contains high levels of phenylalanine, it can lead to severe intellectual disability and other health complications. By encouraging the breastfeeding mother to follow a low-phenylalanine diet, the newborn's exposure to phenylalanine can be minimized, helping to prevent the negative effects of PKU.