ATI RN
Respiratory System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which ion is formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on carbon dioxide and water?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Step 2: This reaction forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Step 3: Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and hydrogen ion (H+). Step 4: Therefore, the ion formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on CO2 and H2O is the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-). Summary: - Choice A (Sodium ion) is incorrect as it is not involved in the reaction with carbonic anhydrase. - Choice C (Hydroxide ion) is incorrect as it is not a product of the reaction but rather a different compound. - Choice D (Potassium ion) is incorrect as it is not related to the reaction between carbon dioxide and water.
Question 2 of 5
A client who is found unresponsive has the following arterial blood gases: pH 7.12, PCO2 90, and HCO3 26. The nurse interprets the results as indicating which condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, respiratory acidosis without compensation. The low pH and high PCO2 levels indicate respiratory acidosis. HCO3 is within normal range, suggesting no metabolic compensation. This is not metabolic acidosis as the HCO3 level is not elevated. Not partial compensation as the HCO3 level is not compensating for the respiratory acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
All of the following states decrease lung compliance EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of lung tissue, leading to loss of elasticity and increased compliance. Increased compliance means the lungs are easier to expand, contrary to decreased compliance seen in the other conditions listed. Lung fibrosis, increased pulmonary venous pressure, and prolonged lung collapse all lead to decreased lung compliance by causing stiffness, fluid accumulation, and reduced lung expansion, respectively. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not decrease lung compliance.
Question 4 of 5
A male adult patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving pancuronium bromide (Pavulon), 0.01 mg/kg I.V. as needed. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient needs another pancuronium dose?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fighting the ventilator. This indicates inadequate muscle relaxation, requiring another dose of pancuronium. Leg, finger, and lip movements are not reliable indicators of muscle relaxation in a mechanically ventilated patient. Fighting the ventilator suggests the patient is not adequately sedated or paralyzed, requiring further intervention to maintain optimal ventilation and oxygenation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to obtain a sputum specimen from a male client. Which of the following nursing actions will facilitate obtaining the specimen?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Having the client take deep breaths. This action facilitates obtaining a sputum specimen by helping the client to cough and expectorate sputum effectively. Deep breaths help to mobilize secretions, making it easier for the client to produce a quality specimen. Limiting fluid intake (choice A) can lead to dehydration and thickening of secretions, making it harder to obtain a specimen. Asking the client to spit into the container (choice C) may result in contamination with saliva. Asking the client to obtain the specimen after eating (choice D) can introduce food particles into the specimen, affecting the accuracy of the test.