Which ion contributes to the serum anion gap?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: chloride. The serum anion gap is calculated by subtracting the sum of bicarbonate and chloride from sodium. Chloride is the primary anion contributing to the serum anion gap, as it plays a crucial role in maintaining electrical neutrality. Phosphate (A) and bicarbonate (B) are not included in the calculation of the serum anion gap. Sodium (D) is a cation, not an anion, so it does not directly contribute to the anion gap. Therefore, chloride is the correct answer as it is a major anion contributing to the serum anion gap.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Estrogen does not directly affect body water composition. The main reason women generally have more body water than men is due to differences in body composition, such as higher body fat percentage in women. Estrogen primarily influences fat distribution, not body water levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because estrogen's effect on adipose tissue does not directly impact body water content in individuals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. Synovial fluid is a type of transcellular fluid that surrounds the joints - TRUE. 2. Synovial fluid is a clear, viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. 3. It provides lubrication, nourishment, and shock absorption to the joints. 4. It is produced by the synovial membrane and helps reduce friction between the joint surfaces. 5. Therefore, the statement is accurate, making choice A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: The ICF (Intracellular Fluid) is the fluid inside the cells, and the ECF (Extracellular Fluid) is the fluid outside the cells. Step 2: Not all fluid that enters or leaves the ICF must pass through the ECF. There are mechanisms such as osmosis and active transport that allow for direct movement of fluid in and out of the cells. Step 3: Therefore, it is not true that all fluid entering or leaving the ICF must pass through the ECF, making the correct answer B: FALSE. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because it wrongly states that all fluid must pass through the ECF. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Obligatory losses do not represent the amount of sodium that needs to be replenished in the body. Instead, they refer to the minimum amount of sodium that the body must excrete daily to maintain proper sodium balance. Replenishing sodium is not the purpose of obligatory losses. Choice A is incorrect because obligatory losses do not indicate the amount of sodium that needs to be replenished. Choices C and D are not applicable as they are not valid answers to the question.