Which intervention should you delegate to the nursing assistant for a patient with osteoporosis and risk for falls?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, delegating the task of assisting the patient with ambulation to the nursing assistant is the most appropriate intervention. The rationale for choosing option D is based on the principle of task delegation according to the nursing scope of practice. Assisting a patient with ambulation involves direct physical support and monitoring for safety, which aligns with the responsibilities and capabilities of a nursing assistant. This task allows the nursing assistant to provide hands-on support to the patient while also freeing up the nurse to focus on other aspects of care. Options A and B involve more complex assessments and decision-making processes that require a higher level of training and expertise, typically performed by licensed healthcare professionals such as nurses or physical therapists. Identifying environmental factors and monitoring gait, balance, and fatigue level require critical thinking skills and specialized knowledge that exceed the scope of practice for a nursing assistant. Option C involves collaborating with physical therapy to provide the patient with a walker, which is also beyond the nursing assistant's role. Physical therapy interventions and equipment prescription are within the domain of physical therapists who have the expertise to assess the patient's needs and recommend appropriate assistive devices. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate delegation of tasks is crucial for providing safe and effective patient care. Nurses must assess the patient's condition, determine the appropriate interventions, and delegate tasks to other healthcare team members based on their scope of practice and level of training. This question highlights the importance of recognizing the roles and responsibilities of different healthcare team members in promoting patient safety and optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A ketogenic diet, characterized by high fat, moderate protein, and very low carbohydrates, is suggested for children with seizures, especially those with epilepsy. The rationale behind this lies in the metabolic process called ketosis, where the body uses fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. The high fat content in the diet helps in producing ketones, which are believed to have anticonvulsant properties that can help reduce seizure activity. Option A, a high-carbohydrate diet, is incorrect because it would not induce ketosis, which is the primary goal of a ketogenic diet in managing seizures. High protein diets (Option B) are also not ideal as excess protein can be converted into glucose in the body, potentially interfering with the ketogenic process. Option D, a low-fat diet, is not recommended as fats are essential for the production of ketones. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind a ketogenic diet for children with seizures is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly those working with pediatric neurology. It is important to be aware of the specific dietary recommendations for managing conditions like epilepsy to provide optimal care and support for these children and their families.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, option D, "A client with atrial fibrillation on Coumadin," is more likely to suffer from a cerebral hematoma. Coumadin (warfarin) is a blood thinner commonly prescribed for atrial fibrillation to prevent blood clots. While it is effective in preventing clot formation, it can also increase the risk of bleeding, including in the brain, leading to cerebral hematoma. Option A, a client with a family history of hemophilia but no symptoms, is less likely to suffer from a cerebral hematoma because hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects blood clotting factors, not necessarily predisposing to cerebral hematomas. Option B, a client receiving platelets for a low platelet count, is less likely to have a cerebral hematoma as platelets are essential for blood clotting and would decrease the risk of bleeding. Option C, a client with anemia taking iron, is also less likely to suffer from a cerebral hematoma as anemia does not directly increase the risk of bleeding in the brain. Understanding the relationship between medical conditions, medications, and their potential complications is crucial in clinical practice. This question highlights the importance of considering the effects of medications like Coumadin on specific conditions like atrial fibrillation and the associated risks of cerebral hematoma. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to carefully assess the benefits versus risks of medications in each individual patient to optimize their care and outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) The presynaptic terminal submits a nerve impulse through the synaptic cleft to the receptor site on the postsynaptic cell. This option accurately describes the process of neurotransmission at the synapse. Option A is incorrect because the synapse does not physically join two neurons; there is a small gap known as the synaptic cleft between them. Option B is incorrect because the nerve impulse is not transmitted directly from one neuron to another; instead, it is transmitted via neurotransmitters across the synapse. Option D is incorrect because it describes the effects of excitatory neurotransmitters on the postsynaptic cell but does not fully capture the entire process at the synapse. In an educational context, understanding the functioning of the synapse is crucial for comprehending how neurons communicate in the nervous system. This knowledge is fundamental in various fields such as neuroscience, psychology, and medicine. By grasping the intricacies of synaptic transmission, students can appreciate the complexity of neural communication and its significance in various physiological and psychological processes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In caring for a patient in the severe stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is crucial to provide appropriate diversion or distraction activities to improve their quality of life and reduce agitation. Option D, "Mobiles or dangling ribbons," is the most appropriate choice in this scenario. These types of stimuli can engage the patient's visual and tactile senses, providing sensory stimulation and promoting relaxation. Watching TV (Option A) may be overwhelming for a patient with severe AD due to the fast-paced nature of programs and the potential confusion it can cause. Playing games (Option B) may require cognitive abilities that the patient has lost, leading to frustration. Books to read (Option C) may not be suitable as the patient may have difficulty comprehending or focusing on the content. Educationally, understanding the specific needs and limitations of patients with AD is crucial for healthcare professionals. Providing appropriate activities can enhance the patient's well-being and overall care experience. By choosing the right diversion or distraction techniques, caregivers can create a more comfortable and supportive environment for individuals with severe AD.