Which intervention is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain is to give the infant a frozen teething ring (Option C). This option is correct because the cold temperature helps to numb the gums, providing relief from pain and inflammation associated with teething. Option A, rubbing gums with aspirin, is incorrect because aspirin should never be used in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Option B, applying hydrogen peroxide, is also incorrect as it can be harmful if ingested and is not recommended for teething pain relief. Option D, having the infant chew on a warm teething ring, is not as effective as a frozen teething ring because cold objects help to soothe inflamed gums better. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to understand safe and effective strategies for managing common pediatric issues like teething. Providing evidence-based recommendations ensures the well-being and safety of pediatric patients. By choosing the correct option, students learn to prioritize non-invasive and safe interventions for teething pain relief.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nutrition, it is important to understand the appropriate timing for introducing whole milk to infants. The correct answer to this question is C) 12 months. At 12 months of age, infants have reached a developmental stage where their digestive systems are more capable of handling whole cow's milk. Whole milk is a good source of fat and nutrients for toddlers as they transition to a more varied diet. Before 12 months, it is recommended to feed infants breastmilk or formula because it provides the essential nutrients needed for their growth and development. Option A) 6 months is too early to introduce whole milk as infants' digestive systems are not mature enough to digest it effectively. Option B) 9 months is still premature for the introduction of whole milk. Option D) 18 months is actually a bit late for the transition to whole milk; by this age, children should be transitioning to a diet that includes a variety of foods. Understanding the appropriate timing for introducing whole milk is crucial for providing optimal nutrition for infants and toddlers. It is essential for nursing students to grasp these concepts to ensure they can provide accurate and evidence-based care to pediatric patients and their families.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of nursing care of children, it is crucial to provide accurate information to parents regarding infant feeding practices. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Do not thaw or heat breast milk in a microwave oven. Thawing or heating breast milk in a microwave can lead to uneven heating, which can create hot spots that can burn the baby's mouth. It can also destroy valuable nutrients and antibodies present in breast milk. Therefore, it is essential to educate parents to avoid using a microwave for thawing or heating breast milk. Option A) Heat only 10 oz or more is incorrect because the amount of breast milk being heated does not determine the safety of using a microwave. Option C) Always leave the bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape is incorrect as it does not address the safety concerns associated with using a microwave to heat breast milk. Option D) Shake the bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating is incorrect as shaking the bottle after heating will not mitigate the risks associated with using a microwave. Educationally, it is important to teach parents proper techniques for handling and preparing breast milk to ensure the safety and well-being of their infants. By advising against using a microwave for thawing or heating breast milk, nurses can help parents make informed decisions that promote the health of their children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Do not heat a plastic bottle in a microwave oven. This recommendation is crucial because heating a plastic bottle in a microwave can lead to the release of harmful chemicals from the plastic into the infant's formula, posing a serious health risk. Option A) Heat only 8 oz or more is incorrect as the amount of formula being heated does not impact the safety of using a microwave to heat it. Option C) Leave the bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape is incorrect because heating a plastic bottle in the microwave is not safe regardless of whether the top is covered or not. Option D) Shake the bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating is incorrect as shaking the bottle does not mitigate the potential harm caused by heating a plastic bottle in a microwave. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of safe feeding practices for infants and the potential risks associated with using certain materials in microwave ovens. It emphasizes the need for nurses to provide evidence-based recommendations to parents to ensure the safety and well-being of their children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of introducing solid foods to an infant's diet, option B - 4 to 6 months is the correct answer. This is based on current recommendations from major pediatric organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics. Introducing solid foods too early, as in option A (2 to 3 months), can increase the risk of developing food allergies and may not be developmentally appropriate for the infant's digestive system. Waiting until 4 to 6 months allows the infant's digestive system to mature and reduces the risk of adverse reactions to solid foods. Option C, waiting until birth weight has tripled, is not a reliable indicator for introducing solid foods as weight gain can vary greatly among infants. Option D, waiting for tooth eruption, is also not a reliable indicator as the presence of teeth does not necessarily correlate with an infant's readiness for solid foods. Educationally, it is important for nurses caring for children to be aware of evidence-based guidelines for infant nutrition to provide safe and appropriate care. Understanding the rationale behind the timing of introducing solid foods can help prevent potential health risks and promote optimal growth and development in infants.