Which intervention is included in the postoperative plan of care for a child with myelomeningocele following ligament release?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Frequent position changare in the plan post-myelomeningocele ligament release, per nursing texts, preventing skin breakdown in sensory-impaired areas. Diet (A, D) and balloons are unrelated. Cs focus makes itthe correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Epineurium . The epineurium is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire nerve, providing structural support and protection to the nerve fibers within. It encasthe fascicl(bundlof nerve fibers) and contains blood vessels that nourish the nerve. Choice B, Epithelium, is incorrect because it refers to a layer of cells lining body surfacor cavities, not a connective tissue layer around nerves. Choice C, Glial cells, is wrong as these are supportive cells in the nervous system (e.g., Schwann cells or astrocytes) and not a connective tissue layer. Choice D, Endoneurium, is also incorrect because it is the innermost connective tissue layer that surrounds individual nerve fibers within a fascicle, not the outer layer of the nerve as a whole. Therefore, Epineurium is the accurate term for the outer connective tissue layer of a nerve, confirming A as the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The impulse will pass through the ventral root of a spinal nerve . In the fight or flight response, the sympathetic nervous system, activated by the hypothalamus, causpupil dilation via the dilator pupillae muscle. The pathway involvpreganglionic neurons from the thoracic spinal cord (T1-T2) exiting through the ventral root, synapsing in the superior cervical ganglion, and then postganglionic fibers traveling via the oculomotor nerve (III) pathway. Choice A is incorrect because this is an autonomic response, not involving somatic upper and lower motor neurons. Choice B is wrong as ganglia (superior cervical) are involved. Choice C is incorrect because the synapse occurs in the spinal cord or ganglion, not brainstem autonomic nuclei. Thus, D correctly identifithe ventral root as part of the sympathetic outflow, making it the right answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The arachnoid mater ends at S2 . The arachnoid mater, along with the dura mater, forms the dural sac, which ends at the S2 level, containing the subarachnoid space with CSF. Choice B is true but not the only correct option, as the spinal cord dohave cervical and lumbosacral enlargements. Choice C is incorrect because CSF is in the subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia), not between dura and arachnoid (the subdural space is potential). Choice D is wrong as the bundle of nerve roots below the conus medullaris is the cauda equina, not the conus itself. Since the question asks for a true statement and A is accurate and specific, it is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A delta fibers . Fast pain, which is sharp and well-localized, is transmitted by A delta fibers, which are small, myelinated axons with rapid conduction (5-30 m/s). They respond to mechanical and thermal stimuli, quickly signaling acute pain. Choice A, A alpha fibers, is incorrect as these large, myelinated fibers transmit proprioception and motor signals, not pain. Choice B, A beta fibers, is wrong because they carry touch and pressure sensations, not pain. Choice D, C fibers, transmits slow, dull, poorly localized pain, not fast pain. Thus, A delta fibers are specifically responsible for fast pain sensation, making C the correct answer.