Which intervention can the nurse implement to reduce the spread of infectious disease in a correctional facility?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Handwashing is a fundamental and effective measure to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. Step 2: Encouraging daily handwashing can help prevent transmission of pathogens between individuals in close quarters. Step 3: Proper hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of infections like respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal infections, and skin infections. Step 4: HIV status, sexual practices, and vaccinations are important but are not as directly effective in reducing the immediate spread of infectious diseases in a correctional facility. Summary: A: Encouraging daily handwashing is directly effective in reducing the spread of infectious diseases within the facility. B: Asking about HIV status is important for individual care but not as effective in preventing immediate spread. C: Questioning about sexual practices is relevant for certain infections but may not address overall transmission. D: Advocating for vaccination is important but takes time to be effective, whereas handwashing is an immediate preventive measure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Both of the above) because a Public Health Laboratory typically conducts genetic tests for both newborn screening and foodborne disease testing to monitor and prevent public health risks. Newborn screening helps identify genetic disorders in infants early on, while foodborne disease testing detects genetic markers in pathogens causing foodborne illnesses. Option A (Newborn screening) is correct as it is a common genetic test performed by Public Health Laboratories. Option B (Foodborne disease testing) is also correct as these labs play a crucial role in identifying and preventing foodborne illnesses. Option D (Neither of the above) is incorrect as Public Health Laboratories indeed perform both types of genetic tests to protect public health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because you do not inherit exact copies of your parents' chromosomes due to genetic recombination during meiosis. This process shuffles genetic material, creating unique combinations in each gamete. This variation results in offspring having a mix of genetic traits from both parents. Choices A and B are true statements regarding mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome inheritance, respectively. Choice C may have been an error or intentionally left blank for the purpose of this question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The central dogma of genetics states that DNA directs the production of RNA, which in turn directs the production of proteins. This process is known as gene expression. First, DNA is transcribed into RNA by RNA polymerase. Then, the RNA is translated into proteins by ribosomes. This sequence of events is crucial for the flow of genetic information within a cell. Choice A is incorrect because it reverses the sequence of events. Choice B is incorrect because RNA does not direct the production of DNA. Choice D is incorrect because while DNA is the genetic material, it does not encompass the entire central dogma of genetics.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! Mendel could look at several traits in the same cross with his plants because they exhibit clear and distinct traits that are easy to observe and manipulate. This allowed him to study inheritance patterns of multiple traits simultaneously. In contrast, it is challenging to observe and manipulate multiple traits in people due to complex genetic interactions and environmental factors. This makes it difficult to isolate and study individual traits in humans compared to plants. Therefore, the ability to study several traits in the same cross is a unique advantage that Mendel had with his plants, making option D the correct answer.