ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which instruction has priority when teaching a patient about clozapine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Clozapine can cause agranulocytosis, leading to infection risk. 2. Sore throat and fever can indicate agranulocytosis. 3. Immediate reporting allows for prompt monitoring and intervention. 4. Prioritizing this instruction ensures patient safety. Summary: A is unrelated, C is not a priority, and D can worsen side effects. Option B is crucial for early detection and management of potential life-threatening adverse effects.
Question 2 of 5
An obese patient has a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Medications that block which receptors would contribute to further weight gain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: H1 receptors. Blockade of histamine H1 receptors by antipsychotic medications can lead to increased appetite and weight gain in obese patients. Histamine plays a role in regulating appetite and energy balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because blocking 5 HT2 receptors (B) can actually lead to weight loss, acetylcholine (C) blockade is not associated with weight gain, and GABA (D) is not directly involved in weight regulation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse cares for these four patients. Which patient has the highest risk for problems with sleep physiology?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the corporate accountant who travels frequently. This patient is at the highest risk for sleep problems due to disruptions in circadian rhythms caused by frequent travel across time zones, leading to jet lag. Travel can also result in irregular sleep patterns, poor sleep quality, and difficulty falling asleep. The other choices are less likely to have significant impacts on sleep physiology. A (retiree volunteering) and C (parent with teenagers) may have some sleep disturbances but not as severe as frequent travelers. D (lawn care worker) may have physical exhaustion but is less likely to experience significant disruptions in sleep physiology compared to frequent travelers.
Question 4 of 5
A patient needs diagnostic evaluation of sleep problems. Which test will evaluate the patient for possible sleep-related problems?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG is used to monitor brain activity during sleep, helping to diagnose sleep disorders like sleep apnea or narcolepsy. It measures electrical activity in the brain, providing valuable information on sleep patterns and any abnormalities. Skull x-rays (A) are not useful for evaluating sleep problems. PET (C) and SPECT (D) scans are imaging techniques that show brain activity but are not specifically designed for sleep evaluation. EEG is the most appropriate choice for assessing sleep-related issues due to its ability to directly measure brain activity during sleep.
Question 5 of 5
A person is prescribed lorazepam 2 mg PO bid as needed for anxiety. When the person takes this medication, which change in sleep is anticipated? The patient will
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: have less slow-wave sleep. When a person takes lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, it acts on the central nervous system by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA. This results in a decrease in slow-wave sleep, which is the deep restorative stage of sleep. Lorazepam can reduce the time spent in this stage and may lead to more fragmented sleep patterns. This change in sleep architecture is a common effect of benzodiazepines. Other choices are incorrect because: A: There is no direct correlation between lorazepam and the frequency of dreams. C: Lorazepam can actually decrease sleep latency, making it easier to fall asleep. D: Lorazepam usually does not affect the initial stages of sleep, such as REM sleep.