Which information regarding substance abuse is important for the nurse to understand?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Women, ages 21 to 34 years, have the highest rates of specific alcohol-related problems. This information is crucial for nurses working in maternal newborn nursing as it highlights a specific demographic group that is at higher risk for alcohol-related issues during pregnancy. Understanding this data allows nurses to tailor their assessments, interventions, and education to better support this group of women in making healthier choices during pregnancy. Option A is incorrect because cigarette smoking has significant adverse effects on maternity-related health, including increased risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and complications during pregnancy. Nurses need to be well-informed about the dangers of smoking during pregnancy to provide effective counseling and support to pregnant women who smoke. Option C is incorrect because while excessive caffeine intake from coffee can have negative effects during pregnancy, such as increased risk of miscarriage and low birth weight, it is not directly linked to birth defects. Nurses should educate pregnant women on safe levels of caffeine consumption rather than attributing birth defects solely to coffee consumption. Option D is incorrect as prescription psychotherapeutic drugs can indeed affect the fetus. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the potential risks and benefits of medications prescribed to pregnant women, as some psychotherapeutic drugs may pose risks to fetal development and require careful monitoring and management during pregnancy. In maternal newborn nursing, having a comprehensive understanding of substance abuse and its impact on pregnancy outcomes is essential for providing safe and effective care to both the mother and the newborn. Nurses play a critical role in educating, supporting, and advocating for pregnant women to promote healthy lifestyle choices and positive birth outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Carefully listen, and allow extra time for this woman's health history interview. This option demonstrates person-centered care by acknowledging the importance of active listening and providing a safe space for the patient to express her concerns and health history. Option A is incorrect as simply reminding the woman of her overdue examination may not address her potential anxieties or reasons for avoiding the clinic. Option C is incorrect because reassurance alone may not address the woman's specific concerns about her healthcare provider. Option D is also incorrect as it assumes the woman's fears without directly addressing her healthcare needs. In educational context, it's crucial for nurses to understand the significance of active listening, empathy, and providing a non-judgmental environment for patients, especially in sensitive situations like healthcare assessments. By allowing extra time for the health history interview, the nurse can build trust, gather pertinent information, and tailor care to meet the woman's specific needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) "I will examine my breasts 1 week after my menstrual period starts" because performing a breast self-exam (BSE) at this time helps minimize discomfort due to hormonal changes and breast tenderness associated with the menstrual cycle. Educating clients to conduct BSE after their period also ensures a consistent time each month for comparison. This timing increases the likelihood of detecting changes in breast tissue. Option A is incorrect because examining both breasts in two different positions is a vague statement that does not specifically indicate understanding of the proper technique for BSE. Option C is incorrect as it suggests only examining a limited area of the breast, which is not thorough enough for early detection of abnormalities. Option D is incorrect because using the palm of the hand is not the recommended technique for performing a BSE; using the fingertips pads allows for better detection of lumps or changes in breast tissue. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to teach clients the correct timing and technique for conducting a BSE to empower women to take charge of their breast health. By emphasizing the importance of regular self-exams and providing clear instructions, nurses can help promote early detection of breast abnormalities and ultimately improve health outcomes for their clients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Male dominance and coercive control over women. The feminist perspective on violence against women emphasizes the role of power dynamics and gender inequality in perpetuating such violence. This perspective views violence as a tool used by men to maintain dominance and control over women, rather than attributing it to biological factors like testosterone (option A) or instinctual drives (option B). In an educational context, understanding the feminist perspective is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in maternal newborn nursing, as it helps them recognize and address the social and cultural factors that contribute to violence against women. By acknowledging the influence of male dominance and coercive control, nurses can provide more effective support and care to victims of violence and work towards promoting gender equality and empowerment. It also highlights the importance of advocating for policies and practices that aim to prevent and respond to violence against women from a feminist lens.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of maternal newborn nursing, addressing the needs of a sexual abuse survivor is crucial for providing holistic care. The correct answer, C) Listening and encouraging therapeutic communication skills, is the most appropriate initial intervention. By actively listening and fostering therapeutic communication, the nurse can create a safe and supportive environment for the woman to express her feelings and concerns. Option A) Initiating a referral to an expert counselor may be necessary at some point, but it should not be the initial step as the woman may not be ready or willing to engage with a counselor right away. Setting limits on what the client discloses, as in option B, can hinder the woman's ability to trust the nurse and may further exacerbate feelings of shame and isolation. Option D) Acknowledging the nurse's discomfort to the client is not appropriate as it shifts the focus from the woman's needs to the nurse's comfort level, potentially causing further distress to the survivor. By using therapeutic communication skills, the nurse can validate the woman's experiences, build trust, and lay the foundation for further support and appropriate referrals, ultimately facilitating the woman's care effectively in this sensitive situation.