Which infectious disease intervention is most representative of secondary prevention?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing medications to improve the immunological response in clients with HIV infection is an example of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. This intervention helps manage the progression of HIV and reduce the risk of developing opportunistic infections. A: Encouraging clients with HIV to use condoms is an example of primary prevention, aimed at preventing the initial occurrence of the disease. C: Encouraging health care workers to receive annual influenza vaccinations is an example of primary prevention, aimed at preventing the occurrence of an infectious disease. D: Requiring health care workers to have TB screening is an example of primary prevention, aimed at preventing the initial transmission of TB.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Responding in scientifically sound and humanely sensitive ways to community concerns. Risk communication involves effectively conveying information about risks to the public in a way that is both scientifically accurate and sensitive to the concerns and needs of the community. This involves listening to community concerns, providing clear and accurate information, and addressing any fears or uncertainties in a compassionate and respectful manner. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically address the key aspect of engaging with the community and responding to their concerns in a sensitive and scientifically sound manner, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Organophosphate toxicity. The symptoms described are consistent with organophosphate poisoning, which commonly occurs in farm workers exposed to pesticides. Wheezing can result from respiratory irritation, abdominal cramping from gastrointestinal effects, and fatigue from systemic toxicity. Carbon monoxide poisoning (A) typically presents with headache and confusion. Lead poisoning (B) manifests with symptoms such as abdominal pain and anemia. Sulphur dioxide exposure (D) causes respiratory symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath. Organophosphate toxicity aligns most closely with the reported symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response (CEPR). This group would likely direct the community nursing response because they specialize in coordinating emergency responses at the local level. They have the expertise and resources to manage such situations effectively. A: Canadian Red Cross focuses more on humanitarian aid and disaster relief on a larger scale. B: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention deals with disease control and prevention, not community nursing response in disasters. D: Paramedics are crucial in providing immediate medical care, but they are not typically responsible for directing the overall community nursing response in a disaster.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an influenza pandemic is characterized by widespread occurrence affecting a large population, with more than 75% of the population being affected. This scenario indicates a significant impact on public health, differentiating it from regular seasonal influenza outbreaks. A is incorrect because the lack of pandemic vaccine production does not necessarily indicate that a pandemic has occurred. B is incorrect as the appearance of a new strain alone does not confirm a pandemic. C is incorrect as the proportion of cases of H1N1 does not necessarily indicate a pandemic, it could be a localized outbreak.