Which important points should the nurse teach a patient about using herbal preparations? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check active and inactive ingredients. This is important because some herbal preparations may contain ingredients that can interact with medications or cause adverse effects. By checking both active and inactive ingredients, the patient can ensure they are not allergic to any components. Incorrect choices: A: Buying from online sources is preferable and cheaper - Online sources may not provide reliable information on the quality and safety of herbal preparations. C: Discontinue use if side or adverse effects occur - While this may be necessary in some cases, it is not a proactive approach to ensuring safe use of herbal preparations. D: Avoid herbals during pregnancy and breast-feeding - While this is generally good advice, it is not applicable to all herbal preparations and may limit the patient's options without proper guidance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amygdala. The amygdala is known to play a crucial role in processing emotions, including fear and anxiety. It is also involved in the perception and processing of odors. The amygdala helps in forming emotional memories and responses to various stimuli. Basal ganglia (B) is primarily involved in motor control, Prefrontal cortex (C) is associated with higher-order cognitive functions, and Wernicke's area (D) is responsible for language comprehension. Therefore, A is the correct choice as it is specifically linked to anxiety and odor perception.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Basal ganglia. The basal ganglia is involved in voluntary motor movements by helping to initiate and control movement. It plays a key role in regulating motor planning, coordination, and execution. The prefrontal cortex, choice B, is primarily responsible for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and impulse control, not voluntary motor movements. The amygdala, choice C, is involved in emotional processing and memory, not motor movements. The limbic system, choice D, is a collection of brain structures involved in emotions, memory, and motivation, but not specifically in voluntary motor movements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a poor metabolizer is a patient who processes medications slowly, leading to higher drug levels in the blood. This can increase the risk of toxicity due to the accumulation of the drug. Choice B is a duplicate of A. Choice C is incorrect as poor metabolizers actually have an increased risk of side effects and adverse reactions due to the higher drug levels. Choice D is too extreme and not universally applicable as poor metabolizers may still be prescribed antidepressants with adjusted dosages.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: SNRI. SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) are the best medication class for elevated norepinephrine levels as they inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, thus increasing their levels in the brain. This helps regulate the neurotransmitter imbalance associated with elevated norepinephrine. A: SSRIs only target serotonin, not norepinephrine. B: MAOIs inhibit the breakdown of norepinephrine but are less commonly used due to dietary restrictions and potential side effects. D: Benzodiazepines are not effective in directly targeting norepinephrine levels.