ATI RN
Adaptive Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which immunoglobulin is the principal one found in secretions such as milk?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: IgA. IgA is the principal immunoglobulin found in secretions like milk due to its role in mucosal immunity. IgG is mainly found in the blood and provides systemic immunity. IgM is the first antibody produced during an immune response. IgD is primarily found on the surface of B cells and is involved in B cell activation. IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mucosal secretions, making it the principal one found in milk.
Question 2 of 5
A patient in Russell traction with a Pearson attachment for a fracture of the tibia complains of intense pain at the fracture site. The nurse assesses a temperature of 102° F and increased swelling at the fracture site. Which complication do these findings suggest?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osteomyelitis. The combination of intense pain, increased swelling, elevated temperature, and presence of traction indicates an infection in the bone, suggesting osteomyelitis. This serious complication requires prompt treatment with antibiotics. Incorrect choices: B: Fat embolism - This typically presents with respiratory distress, petechiae, and neurological changes, not with localized pain and swelling. C: Traction misalignment - This would cause a change in the alignment of the fracture but would not typically present with fever and localized signs of infection. D: Nonunion of the fracture - Nonunion is a failure of the bone to heal, which would not typically present with the acute signs of infection seen in this case.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is a feature of an adaptive immune response
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an adaptive immune response induces memory of previously encountered antigens. This memory allows the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen. This feature is crucial for long-term immunity. Option A is incorrect since adaptive immune responses typically take days to develop. Option B is incorrect as not all multicellular organisms possess adaptive immunity. Option D is incorrect because immune tolerance mechanisms can sometimes fail, leading to autoimmune disorders where self is not distinguished from non-self.
Question 4 of 5
PNAd is expressed on
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: HEV (High Endothelial Venules). PNAd is a ligand expressed on high endothelial venules, which helps in the recruitment of lymphocytes from the bloodstream into secondary lymphoid organs. PNAd is not primarily expressed on lymphocytes themselves (B) or dendritic cells (C). While PNAd can be involved in thymocyte migration to the thymus, it is not expressed on the thymus itself (D). Thus, the correct answer is A as it directly relates to the function and location of PNAd expression.
Question 5 of 5
Examples of disease-modifying drugs used to treat autoimmune disease include
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (Anti-TNF-α) is correct: 1. Anti-TNF-α drugs target specific molecules involved in autoimmune responses. 2. By inhibiting TNF-α, these drugs reduce inflammation and slow disease progression. 3. This makes them disease-modifying, as they alter the course of the autoimmune disease. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory but not disease-modifying in autoimmune diseases. B: Aspirin is primarily used for pain relief and reducing inflammation, not modifying the disease. D: C-cell depleting agents are not commonly used for autoimmune diseases and do not target TNF-α.