ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which if the following gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pancreas is both endocrine (islets secrete insulin/glucagon into blood) and exocrine (acini release digestive enzymes via ducts). Thyroid (T3/T4) and thymus (thymosin) are purely endocrine, lacking ducts. Pituitary (e.g., GH) is endocrine-only, no exocrine function. Pancreas' dual role distinguishes it, essential for metabolic and digestive integration, unlike single-function glands.
Question 2 of 5
Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parathyroid glands secrete PTH to raise blood calcium via bone resorption and kidney reabsorption, while the thyroid's calcitonin lowers it by inhibiting resorption. Adrenal medulla (catecholamines), pancreas (insulin), testes (testosterone), and thymus (immunity) don't regulate calcium. Parathyroid-thyroid balance distinguishes this control, key to skeletal and metabolic homeostasis.
Question 3 of 5
Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood-pressure are indications of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism, excess T3/T4, accelerates metabolism, causing nervousness, heat intolerance, and hypertension. Diabetes affects glucose, hypoglycemia lowers energy, hypothyroidism slows metabolism opposite symptoms. Hyperthyroidism's overactive signs distinguish it, key to thyroid disorder diagnosis, contrasting with metabolic deficiencies.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following produce antagonistic results?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin (thyroid) lowers blood calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises it antagonistic for calcium balance. FSH and LH cooperate in reproduction, ADH and vasopressin are the same, oxytocin/prolactin synergize in lactation. Calcitonin-PTH opposition distinguishes them, key to homeostasis, contrasting with synergistic pairs.
Question 5 of 5
Which hormone produced by the thyroid gland regulates blood calcium levels?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcitonin, from the thyroid's C-cells, lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts, which break down bone. MSH (pituitary) affects pigmentation, oxytocin (hypothalamus/pituitary) aids childbirth, vasopressin (same) regulates water not calcium. Calcitonin's calcium-lowering action distinguishes it, vital for skeletal balance, especially in growth or pregnancy, contrasting with thyroid's metabolic hormones (T3/T4) or unrelated regulators.