Which hormone triggers the production of milk in the mammary glands?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for triggering milk production in the mammary glands. It is produced by the pituitary gland in response to the suckling stimulus from a newborn. Oxytocin, on the other hand, is responsible for the ejection of milk from the mammary glands. Estrogen and progesterone play roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy but do not directly trigger milk production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Estrogen. Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females such as breast development, widening of hips, and the growth of pubic and underarm hair. Testosterone (A) is a male sex hormone, progesterone (B) is involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, and FSH (D) is a hormone that stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs. Estrogen plays a key role in the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics, making it the correct choice in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: FSH. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the production of sperm in males by acting on the testes. FSH plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis by promoting the growth and maturation of sperm cells. Estrogen (A) and progesterone (D) are female sex hormones and do not directly stimulate sperm production. Testosterone (B) is important for sperm production but is not the hormone that directly stimulates it; rather, it plays a role in maintaining overall reproductive function in males.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The epididymis functions to store sperm and allow them to mature. Sperm produced in the testes are transported to the epididymis where they undergo maturation and become motile. This process is essential for sperm to acquire the ability to fertilize an egg. The other choices are incorrect because the epididymis does not produce testosterone (B), transport sperm to the urethra (C), or produce seminal fluid (D). Testosterone is primarily produced in the testes, sperm transport to the urethra occurs mainly through the vas deferens, and seminal fluid is produced by the accessory glands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Estrogen. Estrogen is the primary hormone responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, widening of hips, and regulation of the menstrual cycle. Testosterone (choice A) is the hormone responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone (choice C) plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. FSH (choice D) is a hormone that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females but is not directly responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.