ATI RN
Exam Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which hormone is responsible for milk production in the mammary glands?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prolactin is the correct answer because it is the hormone responsible for milk production in the mammary glands. It is secreted by the pituitary gland in response to the suckling stimulus from the baby. Prolactin stimulates the alveoli in the mammary glands to produce milk. Somatotropin (A), luteinizing hormone (C), and follicle-stimulating hormone (D) do not play a direct role in milk production. Somatotropin is involved in growth, luteinizing hormone is involved in ovulation, and follicle-stimulating hormone is involved in the development of ovarian follicles.
Question 2 of 5
A 32-year-old woman presents with a blood pressure of 155/96 mm Hg. In response to questioning, she admits that she loves licorice and eats some at least three times a week. She probably has a low level of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Licorice contains glycyrrhizin, which inhibits this enzyme, leading to increased levels of cortisol and mineralocorticoids. This explains the elevated blood pressure in the patient. Choice B, ACTH, is incorrect because licorice consumption does not directly affect ACTH levels. Choice C, 11β-hydroxylase activity, is incorrect as licorice does not impact this enzyme directly. Choice D, glucocorticoid transferase, is also incorrect as licorice does not affect this enzyme's activity.
Question 3 of 5
Androgens are produced by the _______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: testes. Androgens, such as testosterone, are male sex hormones primarily produced by the testes. The testes contain specialized cells called Leydig cells that secrete androgens. Ovaries (A) produce female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The hypothalamus (C) regulates hormone production through the pituitary gland but does not directly produce androgens. Islets of Langerhans (D) are clusters of cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin and glucagon, not androgens.
Question 4 of 5
The rate of metabolism of all body cells is regulated by _______.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating the rate of metabolism in all body cells by influencing the production of enzymes involved in energy production. It increases the body's metabolic rate, affecting processes such as heart rate, temperature regulation, and energy expenditure. Parathyroid hormone (A) regulates calcium levels, aldosterone (B) regulates electrolyte balance, and calcitonin (C) regulates calcium metabolism, but they do not directly influence overall metabolism rate in all body cells. Thyroid hormone is the primary hormone responsible for controlling metabolism throughout the body.
Question 5 of 5
A 38-year-old man with galactorrhea is treated with bromocriptine, which eliminates the galactorrhea. The basis for the therapeutic action of bromocriptine is that it
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist. 2. Dopamine inhibits prolactin release from the anterior pituitary. 3. Galactorrhea is often caused by excess prolactin. 4. By inhibiting prolactin release, bromocriptine reduces prolactin levels and eliminates galactorrhea. Summary: A: Incorrect - Bromocriptine does not antagonize prolactin action. B: Incorrect - Bromocriptine does not enhance prolactin action. D: Incorrect - Prolactin is not released from the hypothalamus.