Which hormone is produced by the placenta during pregnancy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: hCG. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta during pregnancy to support the corpus luteum in producing progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the pregnancy. Prolactin (A) is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates milk production. FSH (C) is a hormone released by the pituitary gland to stimulate egg production in females. Progesterone (D) is produced by the corpus luteum and later by the placenta during pregnancy to support the uterine lining.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the bulbourethral glands secrete a clear fluid that helps to lubricate the urethra, making it easier for sperm to pass through during ejaculation. This lubrication also helps to neutralize any acidic urine residue in the urethra. Choice A is incorrect because sperm is produced in the testes, not the bulbourethral glands. Choice B is incorrect because semen is a mixture of sperm and seminal fluid produced by other glands such as the prostate and seminal vesicles, not the bulbourethral glands. Choice D is incorrect because the production of testosterone is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, not the bulbourethral glands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secrete seminal fluid. The prostate gland secretes a milky, alkaline fluid that makes up a significant portion of semen. This fluid helps nourish and protect sperm, aiding in their motility and fertility. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The production of sperm primarily occurs in the testes. C: Testosterone is mainly produced by the testes and adrenal glands, not the prostate gland. D: Sperm transportation is facilitated by the vas deferens, not the prostate gland.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) because it stimulates the production of sperm in males by acting on the testes. FSH is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis. Testosterone (A) is important for male sexual characteristics but does not directly regulate sperm production. Estrogen (B) is a female sex hormone. LH (D) is luteinizing hormone, which plays a role in testosterone production and ovulation in females, but not directly in sperm production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: The corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation. Step 2: It secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrium for potential implantation. Step 3: If fertilization doesn't occur, corpus luteum degenerates, leading to menstruation. Step 4: Thus, the correct answer is B, as it plays a crucial role in endometrial maintenance. Summary: A secretes estrogen, C stimulates ovulation, and D stimulates sperm production, which are not the primary functions of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle.