Which hormone is primarily responsible for uptake of glucose from blood by cells?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin (pancreas) drives glucose uptake into cells (e.g., muscle) via GLUT4 lowers blood sugar. Renin (kidneys) initiates RAAS, not glucose-focused. Angiotensin (blood) raises pressure, unrelated. Melatonin (pineal) regulates sleep, not metabolism. Insulin's glucose transport role distinguishes it, critical for energy homeostasis, unlike pressure or sleep hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (and norepinephrine), catecholamines from chromaffin cells, boosting heart rate and glucose in stress responses. Cortisone and cortisol, glucocorticoids, come from the adrenal cortex's zona fasciculata, not medulla. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, not a medullary hormone preganglionic neurons use it to stimulate medulla. Epinephrine's rapid, sympathetic-like action distinguishes it, vital for acute stress, unlike cortical steroids or neural signals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Releasing factors (e.g., TRH, GnRH) are synthesized in the hypothalamus, traveling via portal veins to stimulate anterior pituitary hormone release. Hypophysis (pituitary) responds to these, not producing them. Pancreas secretes insulin/glucagon, not releasing factors. Posterior pituitary stores hypothalamic hormones, not synthesizing releasing factors. Hypothalamus' control role distinguishes it, critical for pituitary regulation, unlike responsive or unrelated glands.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adrenal cortex zones, outside in, are zona glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids, e.g., aldosterone), zona fasciculata (glucocorticoids, e.g., cortisol), and zona reticularis (androgens). 'Faticularis' is a typo fasciculata is correct, but only one option fits anatomy. Reversed or jumbled orders (reticularis outer, fasciculata outer) defy histology. Glomerulosa-fasciculata-reticularis sequence reflects functional layering, distinguishing it, key to adrenal hormone production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acidophils in the anterior pituitary secrete prolactin (lactation) and growth hormone (GH, growth/metabolism), staining pink with acidic dyes. LH and FSH, gonadotropins, come from basophils, as does TSH (thyroid stimulation). MSH (melanocyte-stimulating) is minimal in humans, from intermediate lobe, not acidophils. Prolactin and GH's acidophil origin distinguishes them, critical for lactation and growth, unlike basophil hormones.