Which hormone causes the growth and development of the mammary glands in females?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Estrogen. Estrogen is responsible for the growth and development of mammary glands in females during puberty and pregnancy. It stimulates the proliferation of glandular tissue, leading to the enlargement and maturation of the mammary glands. Prolactin (choice A) stimulates milk production, oxytocin (choice B) triggers milk ejection, and progesterone (choice D) prepares the breast tissue for lactation but does not directly cause growth and development of mammary glands.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Estrogen is the correct answer because it is the primary hormone responsible for the development of the female reproductive system during puberty. Estrogen triggers the development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulates the menstrual cycle, and promotes the growth of the uterus and breasts. Testosterone is the male sex hormone and is not responsible for female reproductive system development. Progesterone's main role is in preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining pregnancy, not in the initial development of the female reproductive system. FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle and stimulating the ovaries, but it is not the primary hormone responsible for the development of the female reproductive system during puberty.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone. Progesterone helps maintain pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. It prepares the uterus for implantation and supports the growth of the embryo. Estrogen (A) is important for the menstrual cycle but does not specifically prevent ovulation. Testosterone (C) plays a role in male characteristics and fertility but is not directly involved in maintaining pregnancy. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) (D) is produced during pregnancy but does not prevent ovulation; it helps in sustaining the pregnancy by supporting the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: LH (Luteinizing Hormone). LH surge triggers the release of the egg during ovulation. It stimulates the follicle to rupture and release the mature egg. FSH stimulates follicle development, estrogen prepares the body for ovulation, and progesterone maintains the uterine lining post-ovulation. LH is the hormone directly responsible for the release of the egg, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epididymis. The epididymis is responsible for storing and maturing sperm. Sperm are produced in the testes and then travel to the epididymis for storage and maturation. The other choices, A: Seminal vesicles, B: Prostate gland, and D: Vas deferens, are not directly involved in storing and maturing sperm. Seminal vesicles and prostate gland produce fluids that nourish and protect sperm, while vas deferens is responsible for transporting sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation.