Which histological feature differentiates Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In distinguishing between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis histologically, the presence of granulomata is a key feature that differentiates the two conditions. Granulomata are clusters of immune cells, typically macrophages, that form in response to chronic inflammation. In the context of Crohn's disease, granulomata are commonly found in the affected tissues, particularly in the submucosal layers. This feature is not typically seen in ulcerative colitis. Crypt abscesses, another option in the question, are more commonly associated with ulcerative colitis. These abscesses result from the accumulation of inflammatory cells within the crypts of the intestinal lining. Lymphocytic infiltrate, while a feature of both conditions, is not as specific a differentiator as granulomata. Paneth cells are specialized cells found in the small intestine and are not specific to either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. In an educational context, understanding the histological features of inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses. Recognizing these differences can aid in accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning, and monitoring of disease progression in pediatric patients. By emphasizing the significance of granulomata in Crohn's disease, nurses can contribute to improved patient outcomes through early detection and targeted interventions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand strategies to minimize allergies, especially to common allergens like house dust mites. The correct answer, option D, which is keeping household humidity to less than 50%, is recommended as helpful in minimizing allergies to house dust mites for several reasons. House dust mites thrive in humid environments, so maintaining humidity levels below 50% helps to inhibit their growth and reduce allergen exposure. This measure is supported by research and guidelines from organizations like the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Option A, maximizing time spent in one room, is incorrect because dust mites are present throughout the house, not just in one room, so confining oneself to a single room does not effectively minimize exposure. Option B, washing bedding weekly in cold water, is a good practice to reduce dust mite allergens but may not be as effective as controlling humidity levels. Option C, installing new carpet, is not recommended as carpets can harbor dust mites and allergens, exacerbating allergies. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to be knowledgeable about evidence-based strategies to manage allergies in children. Teaching caregivers about the impact of humidity on dust mite allergies and providing practical advice on maintaining optimal humidity levels can help improve children's quality of life and reduce allergy symptoms. Understanding the rationale behind each answer equips nurses with the knowledge to educate families effectively and implement holistic care strategies to support pediatric patients with allergies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the appropriate treatment options for common conditions is crucial for providing effective care. In this scenario, the recommended treatment option for the patient in Question 29 is oral antihistamines (Option A). Oral antihistamines are often the first-line treatment for allergic conditions like allergic rhinitis or mild allergic reactions in children. They work by blocking histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction, thereby reducing symptoms like itching, sneezing, and watery eyes. Topical corticosteroids (Option B) are typically used for localized skin conditions like eczema and should not be the first choice for systemic allergic reactions. Oral corticosteroids (Option C) are reserved for severe allergic reactions or conditions that do not respond to antihistamines due to their potential side effects. Immunotherapy (Option D) is a long-term treatment option for severe allergies and is not typically the initial choice for mild allergic reactions in pediatric patients. In an educational context, it is important for nursing students to understand the rationale behind treatment choices in pediatric patients to provide safe and effective care. By knowing the appropriate use of medications like oral antihistamines and their alternatives, nurses can help manage allergic conditions in children and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Peanuts. Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is typically triggered by proteins found in certain fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Peanuts, being a legume and not a tree nut, are not commonly associated with OAS. Apples, carrots, and celery are common triggers for OAS due to their similarity in protein structure to pollen allergens. This phenomenon occurs because the immune system recognizes these similar proteins as the pollen allergen, leading to cross-reactivity and allergic symptoms in the mouth and throat. Educational context: Understanding common triggers of oral allergy syndrome is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with allergies. By knowing which foods are more likely to cause OAS, nurses can provide appropriate education to patients and families on dietary restrictions and symptom management. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of OAS and knowing the common triggers will help nurses in assessing and managing allergic reactions effectively in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing practice, understanding allergic reactions to foods is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children. In this question, option B is the correct answer because rashes and diarrhea after ingestion of fruit juices usually do not have an immunologic basis. These symptoms are more likely due to non-immunologic factors such as intolerance rather than a true allergic reaction involving the immune system. Option A is incorrect because most adverse reactions to foods, especially in the context of allergies, do have an immunologic basis, involving mechanisms such as IgE antibodies. Option C is incorrect as positive skin test results, in the case of food allergies, are typically considered diagnostic without the need for further confirmation through food challenges. Option D is incorrect because not all individuals with IgE-mediated food reactions will consistently have positive skin test results, as other factors like the timing of the test and the type of allergen can influence the outcome. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between different types of food reactions, understand the diagnostic methods used in food allergy testing, and recognize the variability in presenting symptoms and test results among individuals. This knowledge is essential for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and management of pediatric patients with food allergies, ensuring their safety and well-being.