Which high level labs should the nurse explain can prevent cardiovascular disease?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the significance of high-level labs in preventing cardiovascular disease is crucial. In this context, the correct answer is D) High-density lipoproteins (HDLs). HDLs are known as the "good" cholesterol because they help remove LDL cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol) from the arteries, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. A) Cholesterol is a broad term that includes both HDL and LDL, so it is not specific enough to be the correct answer in this case. B) Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood that can contribute to heart disease if levels are too high, but they are not directly related to preventing cardiovascular disease in the same way as HDLs. C) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are considered the "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. While monitoring and managing LDL levels are important, it is HDL that plays a more significant role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the roles of different lipid profiles in relation to cardiovascular health, especially in pediatric patients who may have unique risk factors or considerations. By emphasizing the importance of HDLs and their protective effects, nurses can better educate families on preventive measures and lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The infant requires rest and conservation of energy for feeding. Every effort is made to organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted periods of sleep. Whenever possible, parents are encouraged to stay with their infant to provide the holding, rocking, and cuddling that help children sleep more soundly. To minimize disturbing the infant, changing bed linens and complete bathing are done only when necessary. Feeding is planned to accommodate the infant’s sleep and wake patterns. The child is fed at the first sign of hunger, such as when sucking on fists, rather than waiting until he or she cries for a bottle because the stress of crying exhausts the limited energy supply. Because infants with CHD tire easily and may sleep through feedings, smaller feedings every 3 hours may be helpful.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) because it is not a condition with combined cellular and antibody immunodeficiency. CVID is primarily characterized by defective antibody production rather than a combined cellular and antibody deficiency. A) Ataxia telangiectasia and B) Reticular dysgenesis are conditions with combined cellular and antibody immunodeficiency. Ataxia telangiectasia is associated with both T and B cell deficiencies, while Reticular dysgenesis is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a lack of granulocytes and lymphocytes. D) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is also a condition with combined cellular and antibody immunodeficiency, as it affects both T and B cells, leading to a severe impairment of the immune system. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in pediatric nursing as it impacts the assessment, management, and care of children with various immunodeficiencies. Nurses need to recognize the specific characteristics of each condition to provide appropriate and timely interventions to prevent complications and improve outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding developmental milestones is crucial for assessing a child's growth and identifying any delays early on. In this context, the correct answer, option D, states that developmental delay in children below 3 years of age is defined as a 30% departure from typical performance in any developmental domain. This definition is appropriate because developmental delays are not limited to specific domains but can manifest in various areas such as motor skills, language, social skills, and cognitive abilities. A delay in any of these areas can significantly impact a child's overall development and may require early intervention to address. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they either limit the definition of developmental delay to specific domains or underestimate the degree of departure from typical development that would warrant concern. By setting the threshold at 30% in any developmental domain, option D provides a more comprehensive and inclusive criterion for identifying developmental delays in young children. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding and recognizing developmental delays in pediatric patients. Nurses and healthcare providers need to be vigilant in monitoring children's developmental progress, as early intervention can lead to better outcomes for children with delays. By knowing the criteria for defining developmental delay, healthcare professionals can work collaboratively with families to support children's optimal growth and development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding delayed tooth eruption is essential for providing comprehensive care to children. The correct answer, option B, is incorrect because delayed tooth eruption is defined as no teeth eruption by 18 months of age, not 15 months as stated. This is a critical distinction as it guides healthcare providers in assessing and monitoring a child's dental development accurately. Option A states that the most common cause of delayed tooth eruption is idiopathic, which is correct. Many cases of delayed tooth eruption have no identifiable cause, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring and follow-up for affected children. Option C mentions mechanical blockade as a cause of delayed tooth eruption. While this can be a contributing factor in some cases, it is not the most common cause and may require specific interventions or referrals for proper management. Option D highlights the need to rule out systemic conditions like hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism in cases of delayed tooth eruption. These conditions can impact dental development and overall health, underlining the importance of a thorough assessment by healthcare providers. Educationally, understanding the nuances of delayed tooth eruption is crucial for pediatric nurses as they play a key role in early detection, referral, and support for children with dental concerns. By grasping the correct definition and common causes of delayed tooth eruption, nurses can provide informed care and support to promote optimal oral health outcomes in pediatric patients.