Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the left ventricle. The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the left atrium and pumps it to the rest of the body via the aorta. This chamber has thicker muscular walls compared to the right ventricle to generate enough force to propel blood throughout the body. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs but does not pump blood out to the body. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the right ventricle, which then pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the function of the heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This procedure involves diverting blood flow around a blocked artery using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body. It is the most effective treatment for severe coronary artery disease. Angioplasty (B) involves opening a blocked artery with a balloon, stent placement (C) involves inserting a mesh tube to keep an artery open, and valve replacement (D) is for replacing damaged heart valves, not restoring blood flow to the heart.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery disease. This condition involves the narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the heart due to plaque buildup. Plaque can lead to blockages, causing heart attacks and strokes. Peripheral artery disease (B) affects arteries outside the heart. Aortic stenosis (C) is the narrowing of the aortic valve, not arteries. Mitral valve prolapse (D) is a condition affecting the mitral valve, not arteries. Therefore, A is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Spirometry is the correct answer because it measures the volume of air exhaled in a specific time frame, assessing lung function and capacity. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions like asthma and COPD. Peak flow meter measures only the maximum speed of exhalation, not volume. Lung volume test measures the total lung capacity, not the speed of air movement. Arterial blood gas measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not lung function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a chronic cough that produces mucus due to long-term exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or air pollution. This condition leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, resulting in excessive mucus production. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection causing symptoms like coughing up blood, while asthma (C) is characterized by wheezing and shortness of breath. Sinusitis (D) involves inflammation of the sinuses, leading to symptoms like facial pain and congestion.