ATI RN
History of Public Health Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which health-related variable is examined by the critical theoretical perspective?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Critical theoretical perspective examines social inequalities within the broader political, economic, and social systems of society that keep people from reaching their full potential. Cultural beliefs, the effect of history and tradition, and ethnic and racial differences are not examined by the critical theoretical perspective.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse has accepted a new position in a public health department. Which characteristic is crucial to the nurse's success?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rather than nursing to the community, the nurse must work with the community to be successful. Listening, being patient, providing accurate information, and respecting the experiences of community members are essential for success.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is using Milio's framework to promote healthy eating choices among members of the community. Which intervention would the nurse most likely implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One of the propositions of Milio's framework is that alteration in patterns of behavior resulting from decision-making of a significant number of people in a population can result in social change. Some behaviors, such as tobacco use, have become difficult to maintain in many settings or situations in response to organizational and public policy mandates. Increasing taxation on unhealthy food choices may make it more difficult for community members to make these unhealthy choices.
Question 4 of 5
A community health nurse is using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a basis for providing client care. Which best describes the problems associated with using the HBM? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A major problem with this model is that the burden for taking action is totally with the client. The model requires health professionals to assume responsibility for modifying the client's perceptions so they recognize the need to act. Although the line between persuading and educating is a fine one, nurses are responsible for education. Persuasion may border on coercion. Further, the model assumes that all responsibility is personal, ignoring barriers in the health care system, which may make it difficult for an individual to take appropriate action.
Question 5 of 5
According to the critical theoretical perspective, which should be held responsible for many of the illnesses of Americans today? (Select ONE that does not apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: McKinlay (1979) further delineated the activities of the 'manufacturers of illness-those individuals, interest groups, and organizations which, in addition to producing material goods and services, also produce, as an inevitable byproduct, widespread morbidity and mortality' (pp. 9, 10). The manufacturers of illness embed desired behaviors in the dominant cultural norm and thus foster the habituation of high-risk behavior in the population. The manufacturers of illness include everyday examples such as the tobacco industry, the alcohol industry, and multiple corporations that produce environmental carcinogens. The existing U.S. Health Care System, in a misguided attempt to help, devotes its efforts to changing the products of the illness manufacturers and neglects the processes that create the products.