ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which [HCO -] / [CO ] ratio might exist in this condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (15/10). This ratio represents a decrease in bicarbonate (HCO3-) and an increase in carbonic acid (H2CO3), which indicates a respiratory acidosis condition. In respiratory acidosis, there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) leading to increased carbonic acid formation. The other choices are incorrect because they do not reflect the appropriate changes in HCO3- and CO2 levels corresponding to respiratory acidosis. Choice A (40/1) and B (20/2) indicate alkalosis conditions with higher HCO3- levels, while choice C (20/5) suggests a normal ratio not reflective of an acid-base disorder.
Question 2 of 5
Extracellular fluid composes the majority of all the fluid in the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Extracellular fluid does not compose the majority of all the fluid in the body. Intracellular fluid actually makes up the majority of the body's fluid. This is because intracellular fluid is contained within the cells, while extracellular fluid is found outside the cells. Other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the composition of body fluids.
Question 3 of 5
Bioelectrical impedance is an appropriate method of determining body composition in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Bioelectrical impedance is not considered accurate in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus due to factors such as increased fluid retention and altered tissue characteristics affecting the results. Other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect as bioelectrical impedance is not suitable for body composition assessment in these populations.
Question 4 of 5
ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, whereas ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. ECF volume regulation is essential for maintaining blood pressure through mechanisms like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. On the other hand, ECF osmolarity regulation is crucial to prevent cell shrinkage or swelling due to changes in solute concentrations. Therefore, it is accurate to say that ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, and ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the relationship between ECF volume, osmolarity regulation, and their respective purposes in the body.
Question 5 of 5
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates blood pressure by reducing the amount of Na+ that is reabsorbed in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system works to regulate blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of Na+ in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys. Renin is released in response to low blood pressure, which leads to the formation of angiotensin II, stimulating the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the distal and collecting tubules to increase Na+ reabsorption, leading to water retention and increased blood volume, ultimately raising blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a detailed explanation of how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system functions in regulating blood pressure.