Which group is incorrect?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because oxytocin is not a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland; it is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. ACTH, prolactin, and TSH are indeed hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Choice B is incorrect because cortisol and aldosterone are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands, not the gonads. Testosterone is a hormone produced by the gonads. Choice C is correct as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are indeed secretions of the gonads - estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries and testosterone from the testes. Choice D is incorrect because calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, but T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones, not hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct: 1. Growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine all raise blood glucose levels. 2. Growth hormone promotes glucose production, cortisol increases blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, and epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown. 3. The increase in blood glucose is essential for providing energy during stress or physical activity. 4. None of the other choices align with all three hormones' functions, making choice B the correct answer. Summary: Choices A and D are incorrect because not all three hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands or are steroids. Choice C is incorrect as these hormones do not suppress gluconeogenesis; instead, they promote processes that raise blood glucose levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the thyroid gland. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and growth. Choice A is incorrect because the adenohypophysis produces TSH, not iodine. Choice B is incorrect because calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland and does not require iodine for its synthesis. Choice D is incorrect because PTH (parathyroid hormone) is produced by the parathyroid glands and does not require iodine for its synthesis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenal. The adrenal glands are located just superior to the kidneys. They are responsible for producing important hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. The pituitary gland (choice A) is located at the base of the brain, the pancreas (choice C) is located in the abdomen, and the ovaries (choice D) are located in the pelvic region. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not correspond to the anatomical location specified in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in both male and female reproductive systems. In males, FSH stimulates the testes to produce sperm. In females, FSH stimulates the development of ovarian follicles, which contain eggs. This hormone is essential for the process of ovulation and the menstrual cycle. A: Growth hormone is not directly involved in the reproductive system but rather promotes overall growth and development. B: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for ovulation and the production of testosterone in males. It does not directly stimulate sperm production or follicle development. C: Prolactin is primarily involved in milk production and has no direct role in sperm production or follicle development.