ATI RN
Endocrine Review of Systems Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which glands are responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathyroid and thyroid. The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium absorption from the intestines and releasing calcium from bones. The thyroid gland produces calcitonin, which helps lower blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in bones. The other choices (B: Adrenal medulla and pancreas, C: Testes, D: Parathyroid and thymus) are incorrect because they do not play a direct role in regulating calcium levels in the blood.
Question 2 of 5
A girl presents with delayed puberty, absent secondary sexual characteristics, and primary amenorrhea. She also appears to be hypertensive and hypokalemia. Which of the following enzymes is increased if there is virilization of a person?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 11b-Hydroxylase. In cases of virilization, increased androgen production occurs. 11b-Hydroxylase is involved in the synthesis of cortisol and aldosterone. When there is a deficiency in this enzyme, excess androgens are diverted towards the production of testosterone, leading to virilization. In contrast, choices B (17a-Hydroxylase) and C (21b-Hydroxylase) deficiencies result in decreased androgen production. Choice D, Pyruvate Kinase, is not related to steroid hormone synthesis. Therefore, the correct enzyme in this scenario is 11b-Hydroxylase.
Question 3 of 5
The posterior pituitary gland receives hormone messages from the hypothalamus via ________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: neurons that extend from the hypothalamus to the pituitary. The hypothalamus produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. This communication is facilitated by specialized neurons that extend from the hypothalamus to the pituitary, forming the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. These neurons release hormones into the bloodstream, which then reach the posterior pituitary gland and stimulate the release of its stored hormones. Choice A is incorrect because the posterior pituitary does not directly receive messages through a capillary network. Choice C is incorrect as Schwann cells are responsible for myelinating peripheral nerves, not hormone communication. Choice D is incorrect because while the hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland through neurons, it does not involve a capillary network.
Question 4 of 5
Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Steroids are lipid-soluble molecules, allowing them to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane of target cells. Step 2: Once inside the cell, steroids can enter the nucleus to bind to specific receptors and regulate gene expression. Step 3: Steroids do not catalyze cyclic AMP; this function is typically associated with non-steroid hormones like adrenaline. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A because steroids do not catalyze cyclic AMP, unlike other hormones.
Question 5 of 5
Why can a single endocrine hormone produce a wider spread of responses in more of the body than a single nerve cell?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the bloodstream can carry hormones throughout the body simultaneously, reaching various target cells and organs. This enables a single endocrine hormone to produce responses in multiple parts of the body. In contrast, nerve cells can only target a limited number of cells through direct connections. Choice A is incorrect because endocrine hormones can also target multiple responses, not just one. Choice C is incorrect as the endocrine system and nervous system can interact. Choice D is incorrect as endocrine hormones can have broad effects on multiple target cells.