ATI RN
Endocrine Review of Systems Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, a hormone that regulates our biological rhythms such as sleep-wake cycles. This gland is located in the brain and plays a crucial role in maintaining our circadian rhythm. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels, not melatonin. B: The adenohypophysis, or anterior pituitary gland, secretes various hormones but not melatonin. D: The adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, not melatonin.
Question 2 of 5
Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: raise blood glucose levels. Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine all work together to increase blood glucose levels through various mechanisms. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, growth hormone promotes gluconeogenesis, cortisol increases blood sugar through gluconeogenesis and inhibiting glucose uptake, and epinephrine triggers glycogen breakdown and inhibits insulin release. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because not all of these hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland, they do not directly expand blood volume, and they do not stimulate osteoclastic activity, respectively.
Question 3 of 5
The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: PTH. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium levels in the body by acting on bones, kidneys, and intestine. PTH stimulates release of calcium from bones, reabsorption of calcium in kidneys, and absorption of calcium in the intestine. T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones that do not directly regulate calcium levels. ACTH is adrenocorticotropic hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands. Oxytocin is a hormone involved in labor and lactation, not calcium regulation.
Question 4 of 5
Excess insulin is most apt to cause:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess insulin leads to increased glucose uptake by cells, causing a drop in blood sugar levels, resulting in hypoglycemia. This can lead to symptoms like confusion, sweating, and weakness. Ketosis (A) is caused by low insulin levels, hypertension (C) is not directly related to excess insulin, and diuresis (D) is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these is true of the endocrine system?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The endocrine system secretes hormones that travel through the bloodstream to specific target cells. (Choice A) Step 2: These hormones regulate metabolic activities in the body. (Choice B) Step 3: The effects of hormonal actions can last for an extended period, leading to prolonged effects. (Choice C) Therefore, all the statements A, B, and C are true about the endocrine system, making choice D the correct answer. Other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass all aspects of the endocrine system's functions.