ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which gland is responsible for the production of insulin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: islets of Langerhans. These clusters of cells within the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The ovaries (A) and testes (B) are not responsible for insulin production. The hypothalamus (C) plays a role in regulating many bodily functions, but it is not directly involved in insulin production.
Question 2 of 5
A patient presents with a moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple straiae, buffalo hump, fragile skin and impaired glucose tolerance. The opposite of the current increased levels of the prime hormone involved in this patient is seen in:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Identify the symptoms described in the patient: Moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple striae, buffalo hump, fragile skin, impaired glucose tolerance. Step 2: These symptoms are classic for Cushing's syndrome, which is caused by excess cortisol. Step 3: The opposite of increased cortisol levels is decreased cortisol levels. Step 4: Addison's disease is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to decreased cortisol levels. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is A: Addison's disease. Summary: - B: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla, causing excess catecholamines, not related to cortisol. - C: Hyperaldosteronism is excess aldosterone production, not related to cortisol. - D: Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excess cortisol, not the opposite.
Question 3 of 5
The receptor for a peptide hormone ___________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because peptide hormones are hydrophilic and cannot pass through the cell membrane. Therefore, their receptors must be located on the cell's outer membrane to bind and trigger intracellular signaling pathways. Option A is incorrect because hydrophobic hormones can directly pass through the cell membrane, so their receptors are typically inside the cell. Option C is incorrect because hydrophobic hormones do not require a receptor on the cell's outer membrane. Option D is incorrect because hydrophilic hormones, like peptide hormones, require receptors on the cell's outer membrane.
Question 4 of 5
Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathyroid and thyroid. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which increases blood calcium levels by promoting calcium release from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the intestines. The thyroid gland produces calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. The adrenal medulla and pancreas do not play a direct role in regulating calcium levels. Testes are not involved in calcium regulation. The thymus is responsible for developing T-cells and does not have a role in calcium regulation.
Question 5 of 5
The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gonadal glands. These glands differ between males and females in terms of the hormones they secrete. In males, the gonadal glands (testes) produce testosterone, while in females, the gonadal glands (ovaries) produce estrogen and progesterone. Adrenal glands (A) secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are not gender-specific. Parathyroid glands (B) regulate calcium levels and are not gender-specific. Pancreas (D) secretes insulin and glucagon, which are also not gender-specific. Therefore, the key difference in secretions between males and females lies in the gonadal glands.