Which gland in the human body produces the growth hormone?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The anterior pituitary produces growth hormone (somatotropin), driving body growth and metabolism. Pineal makes melatonin, hypothalamus regulates via GHRH, adrenals produce adrenaline/cortisol not GH. Pituitary's 'master gland' status and GH secretion distinguish it, critical for development, with hyposecretion stunting growth, contrasting with regulatory or stress glands.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: PTH increases urinary PO₄ excretion by inhibiting reabsorption, lowering serum PO₄ while raising Ca²⁺. Gastrin/glucagon/secretin don't notably inhibit calcitonin calcium does. Calcitonin's half-life is ~10 minutes, not 30. Calcitonin reduces bone resorption, not increases. PTH's phosphate effect distinguishes it, key to calcium-phosphate balance, unlike hormonal, kinetic, or resorption errors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Oxytocin, from hypothalamus, is stored/released by posterior pituitary, not anterior lactation/childbirth role. ACTH (adrenal), prolactin (lactation), and β-lipoprotein (lipid metabolism, though less common term) are anterior pituitary hormones. Oxytocin's posterior origin distinguishes it, key to pituitary division, unlike anterior tropic hormones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus (low ADH) causes polyuria (water loss) and polydipsia (thirst) due to dilute urine classic signs. Alcohol inhibits ADH, increasing urine output. Surgical stress boosts ADH (stress response). ADH presence in mammals (e.g., hippos) is universal for water balance. Polydipsia/polyuria distinguish DI, key to its pathophysiology, unlike alcohol, stress, or species claims.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) lower plasma cholesterol by enhancing LDL receptor clearance, not increase false claim. They boost Na/K ATPase (metabolism), β-receptors (catecholamine sensitivity), and calorigenesis (heat production). Cholesterol reduction distinguishes thyroid action, key to lipid metabolism, unlike metabolic, receptor, or heat truths.