ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which gastrointestinal layer is characterized by having tough, fibrous connective tissue?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: submucosa. The submucosa is the layer of the gastrointestinal tract that contains tough, fibrous connective tissue, providing support and elasticity. The mucosa (choice A) is the innermost layer responsible for absorption, not toughness. The muscle layer (choice C) is responsible for peristalsis and movement, not toughness. The serosa (choice D) is the outermost layer providing protection, not toughness. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer as it accurately describes the layer characterized by tough, fibrous connective tissue in the gastrointestinal tract.
Question 2 of 5
The common bile duct is formed by the merger of the hepatic and _____ ducts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: cystic. The common bile duct is formed by the merger of the hepatic duct from the liver and the cystic duct from the gallbladder. The cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder to the common bile duct, which then transports bile to the small intestine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the common bile duct is not formed by the merger of the common hepatic, pancreatic, or Santorini ducts. Each of these ducts serves a different function in the digestive system.
Question 3 of 5
The parietal cells in the stomach secrete _____, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B: intrinsic factor Rationale: 1. Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum. 2. Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor in the stomach. 3. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed, leading to pernicious anemia. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Hydrochloric acid is also secreted by parietal cells but is not directly involved in vitamin B12 absorption. C: Pepsinogen is a precursor to pepsin, which is involved in protein digestion, not vitamin B12 absorption. D: Mucus protects the stomach lining and does not play a role in vitamin B12 absorption.
Question 4 of 5
The disease caused due to deficiency of nicotinic acid is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: pellagra. Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of nicotinic acid (niacin), which is a type of vitamin B3. Nicotinic acid is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Symptoms of pellagra include dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and eventually death if left untreated. Rationale: 1. Anaemia (Choice A) is not caused by a deficiency of nicotinic acid. 2. Osteomalacia (Choice B) is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, not nicotinic acid. 3. Xerophthalmia (Choice C) is caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, not nicotinic acid. In summary, pellagra is the correct answer because it directly relates to the deficiency of nicotinic acid, while the other choices are caused by deficiencies of different vitamins.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a history of ulcerative colitis and a new diagnosis of anemia. Which of the following manifestations of colitis should the nurse identify as a contributing factor to the development of the anemia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic blood loss. In ulcerative colitis, inflammation and ulcers in the colon can lead to chronic blood loss, resulting in anemia due to decreased red blood cell production. The inflamed colon may bleed continuously or intermittently, leading to a gradual decrease in hemoglobin levels. Dietary iron restrictions (choice A) may contribute to anemia, but chronic blood loss is the primary factor in this case. Intestinal malabsorption syndrome (choice B) may affect nutrient absorption but is not the main cause of anemia in this scenario. Intestinal parasites (choice D) can cause anemia through blood loss or nutrient depletion, but in this case, chronic blood loss from colitis is the most likely culprit.