Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Arteriosclerosis is a form of peripheral vascular disease characterized by the thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls. This results in the narrowing and hardening of the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to tissues and organs. Atherosclerosis, on the other hand, specifically refers to the buildup of plaque (composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances) on the inner walls of arteries, which contributes to arteriosclerosis. Chronic venous insufficiency is a condition involving poor blood flow from the legs back to the heart, often causing swelling and skin changes. Deep venous thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, commonly in the legs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Arteriosclerosis is a form of peripheral vascular disease characterized by the thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls. This results in the narrowing and hardening of the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to tissues and organs. Atherosclerosis, on the other hand, specifically refers to the buildup of plaque (composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances) on the inner walls of arteries, which contributes to arteriosclerosis. Chronic venous insufficiency is a condition involving poor blood flow from the legs back to the heart, often causing swelling and skin changes. Deep venous thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, commonly in the legs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best response is "Your risk of continued coronary artery disease will decrease by half when you stop." This response provides a specific and concrete benefit of quitting smoking for the client with a history of myocardial infarction. By explaining that quitting smoking can reduce the risk of continued coronary artery disease by half, the nurse is providing motivation and encouragement for the client to make a positive change in their lifestyle. This information is factual and can help the client understand the immediate benefits of quitting smoking in relation to their current health condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of a client diagnosed with cardiomyopathy and experiencing tachycardia, a beta blocker is the anticipated medication. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, reducing heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand. This can help manage symptoms of tachycardia in cardiomyopathy by slowing down the heart rate and improving its overall function. Other medications like ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers may be used to manage specific aspects of cardiomyopathy such as hypertension or heart failure, but in the context of tachycardia, a beta blocker is the preferred choice. Cardiac glycosides, like Digoxin, are used for heart failure but not primarily for managing tachycardia in cardiomyopathy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During pregnancy, it is not uncommon for women to have an extra heart sound known as a gallop rhythm. This is often referred to as a ventricular gallop, which is the presence of an S3 heart sound. In pregnant women, the increased blood volume and changes in heart dynamics can lead to the development of this extra sound. It is considered a normal finding during the third trimester of pregnancy and is usually not a cause for concern. It is important for healthcare providers to differentiate between normal physiological changes associated with pregnancy and potential heart abnormalities, which is why a ventricular gallop in this context is typically considered a benign finding.