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free microbiology test bank questions pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which form of human plague is present with high fever and large lymphadenopathies (buboes). The case fatality in untreated cases may reach 60%.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bubonic plague. Bubonic plague is characterized by high fever and large swollen lymph nodes (buboes). The case fatality rate in untreated cases can reach 60%. This form of plague is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected flea. B: Pneumonic plague presents with respiratory symptoms and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. C: Gastrointestinal plague is not a recognized form of plague. D: Septicemic plague is a severe form of plague where the bacteria multiply in the bloodstream. It may not always present with buboes.
Question 2 of 5
The typical site for replication of DNA viruses is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nucleus. DNA viruses replicate in the host cell's nucleus because they require access to the host cell's DNA replication machinery. The nucleus contains the necessary enzymes and factors for DNA replication to occur accurately. The DNA viruses need to utilize these host cell components to replicate their own genetic material. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Cytoplasm - Cytoplasm lacks the necessary enzymes and machinery for accurate DNA replication. C: Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER is involved in protein synthesis and processing, not DNA replication. D: Golgi Apparatus - Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins, not DNA replication.
Question 3 of 5
The catarrhal stage of the whooping cough is characterized by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the catarrhal stage of whooping cough is characterized by mild respiratory symptoms such as mild coughing, sneezing, or a runny nose. During this stage, the cough may start to worsen but is not yet severe. A: Incorrect - Decrease in paroxysms of coughing is not seen in the catarrhal stage; it occurs later in the paroxysmal stage. B: Incorrect - Subsequent respiratory infection for many months after the onset of pertussis is not a characteristic of the catarrhal stage. C: Incorrect - Uncontrollable coughing followed by a high pitched 'whoop' sound is typical of the paroxysmal stage, not the catarrhal stage.
Question 4 of 5
Viruses cannot multiply in:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Artificial nutrient media. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they require living host cells to replicate. They cannot multiply in artificial nutrient media as they lack the cellular machinery necessary for viral replication. Living cells, including human embryonic cells and bacteria, provide the required cellular environment for viruses to replicate. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect as they all contain living cells that can support viral multiplication.
Question 5 of 5
In which of the following GIT infections, the bacteria adhere to the intestine wall and damage the microvilli:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC). EPEC bacteria adhere to the intestine wall using a protein called intimin, leading to microvilli damage. This attachment disrupts the normal absorption function of the intestine. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC) primarily causes bloody diarrhea and does not specifically target microvilli. C: Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC) produces toxins that lead to watery diarrhea but does not directly target microvilli. D: Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) invades and replicates within intestinal cells, causing inflammatory diarrhea, but does not specifically damage microvilli.