ATI RN
Introduction to Professional Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which finding for a patient with mitral valve stenosis would be of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Shortness of breath on exertion. In mitral valve stenosis, the narrowing of the valve obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, leading to increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary congestion. Shortness of breath on exertion indicates worsening heart failure and pulmonary congestion, which are critical in mitral valve stenosis. The other options are not directly associated with mitral valve stenosis. A diastolic murmur is a common finding in mitral valve stenosis but may not necessarily indicate worsening condition. Peripheral edema is more commonly seen in right-sided heart failure, and right upper quadrant tenderness is not typically associated with mitral valve stenosis.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reviewing drug therapy for hypertension. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, antihypertensive drug therapy for a newly diagnosed hypertensive African-American patient would most likely include which drug or drug classes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretics. According to JNC-8 guidelines, for African-American patients with hypertension, the preferred initial drug therapy includes calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics due to their effectiveness in this population. Calcium channel blockers are particularly beneficial in African-Americans, and thiazide diuretics help to address volume overload. Vasodilators alone (A) are not typically recommended as initial therapy. ACE inhibitors (B) are not the first-line choice for African-American patients. Beta blockers (D) are not the preferred initial therapy for this population based on JNC-8 guidelines.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse reviews the laboratory results of a client who is receiving intravenous insulin. Which would alert the nurse to intervene immediately?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Serum potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L (2.5 mmol/L). A low potassium level (hypokalemia) can be life-threatening, especially in a client receiving intravenous insulin, as insulin promotes cellular uptake of potassium, leading to hypokalemia. Symptoms of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory failure. Therefore, the nurse must intervene immediately by administering potassium supplements or adjusting the insulin dose. Summary: A: Serum chloride level - normal range, not directly related to insulin therapy. B: Serum calcium level - normal range, not directly related to insulin therapy. C: Serum sodium level - normal range, not directly related to insulin therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has insulin dependent diabetes mellitis must take a glucocorticoid medication nurse will explain that there may be a need to?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase insulin dose. When a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus takes glucocorticoid medication, it can lead to increased blood glucose levels due to the medication's impact on insulin sensitivity. Therefore, increasing the insulin dose helps to maintain optimal blood glucose control. Decreasing insulin dose (B) would worsen hyperglycemia. Monitoring blood glucose less frequently (C) is risky as it may lead to missed hyperglycemic episodes. Stopping insulin temporarily (D) is dangerous and can result in severe hyperglycemia.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse develops a plan of care to prevent aspiration in a high risk patient which nursing action will be most effective
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Place a patient with altered consciousness in a side-lying position. This is the most effective nursing action to prevent aspiration in a high-risk patient because it helps prevent the patient from aspirating any secretions or vomitus. Placing the patient in a side-lying position helps to maintain an open airway and allows for proper drainage of fluids from the mouth. Rationale: A: Turning and repositioning an immobile patient every 2 hours is important for preventing pressure ulcers, but it does not directly address the risk of aspiration. C: Inserting a nasogastric tube for feeding a patient with high-calorie needs is not a preventative measure for aspiration and may even increase the risk if not managed properly. D: Monitoring respiratory symptoms in an immunosuppressed patient is important for early detection of respiratory infections but does not directly prevent aspiration.