ATI RN
Introduction to Nursing Pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which finding by the nurse most specifically indicates that a patient is not able to effectively clear the airway?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weak cough effort. A weak cough effort indicates ineffective airway clearance as coughing helps clear secretions and foreign particles from the airway. Profuse green sputum (B) indicates infection but not necessarily inability to clear the airway. Respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min (C) and low SpO2 (D) suggest respiratory distress but do not specifically indicate inability to clear the airway. Weak cough effort directly relates to the airway's ability to clear, making it the most specific finding.
Question 2 of 5
After 2 months of tuberculosis (TB) treatment with isoniazid, rifampin (Rifadin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, a patient continues to have positive sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Which action should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ask the patient whether medications have been taken as directed. This is the next appropriate action because the patient is still testing positive for AFB despite being on the appropriate TB treatment regimen for 2 months. By assessing medication adherence, the nurse can determine if the lack of improvement is due to non-compliance. If the patient has been taking the medications as prescribed, then further evaluation for drug-resistant TB or other factors may be necessary. Choice A is incorrect because assuming drug resistance without confirming adherence could lead to unnecessary treatment changes. Choice B is not the immediate priority as ensuring medication adherence should come first. Choice D is premature without first confirming adherence and evaluating other possible reasons for treatment failure.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who has heart failure has recently started taking digoxin (Lanoxin) in addition to furosemide (Lasix) and captopril. Which finding by the home health nurse is a priority to communicate to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L after 1 week of therapy is a priority finding to communicate to the healthcare provider because digoxin, furosemide, and captopril can all cause electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia, which can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity leading to life-threatening dysrhythmias. It is crucial to address and monitor potassium levels closely in patients taking these medications. A: Presence of 1+ to 2+ edema in the feet and ankles is a common finding in heart failure patients and may not be an immediate concern unless it worsens. B: Palpable liver edge 2 cm below the ribs may indicate hepatic congestion, which can occur in heart failure, but it is not as urgent as monitoring potassium levels. D: A weight increase of 2 pounds over 3 days can be a sign of fluid retention, which is important to monitor but
Question 4 of 5
A patient with metastatic colon cancer has severe vomiting after each administration of chemotherapy. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments. This is appropriate because antiemetics are medications specifically designed to prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting. By administering antiemetics before chemotherapy, the nurse can help prevent severe vomiting in the patient. Option A is incorrect as large meals may worsen nausea. Option B may not be sufficient for severe vomiting. Option D is incorrect as citrus beverages may aggravate nausea. Administering antiemetics before chemotherapy is the most effective way to manage severe vomiting in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient who will begin receiving targeted therapy for cancer. The patient asks how targeted therapy differs from other types of chemotherapies. The nurse will explain that targeted therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Targeted therapy interferes with specific molecules in cancer cells. This type of therapy is designed to target specific abnormalities or molecules that are unique to cancer cells, which helps to inhibit their growth and spread. By focusing on these specific targets, targeted therapy can be more precise and effective compared to traditional chemotherapies. A: Damaging cancer cell DNA to prevent cell replication is more characteristic of traditional chemotherapy, not targeted therapy. B: Directly killing or damaging cancerous cells is a general mechanism of action for various cancer treatments, not specific to targeted therapy. D: Preventing metastasis of cancer cells is not the primary mechanism of action of targeted therapy, which primarily focuses on inhibiting the growth and spread of cancer cells through specific molecular targeting.