ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which female patient is most likely to have metabolic syndrome?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient's blood pressure, HDL levels, and fasting blood glucose levels all indicate a higher likelihood of metabolic syndrome. High blood pressure, low HDL levels, and elevated blood glucose are key components of metabolic syndrome. Option A has normal blood pressure and slightly elevated triglycerides and blood glucose, but not as concerning as choice B. Option C has a normal blood pressure, slightly elevated triglycerides, and good HDL levels, which lowers the likelihood of metabolic syndrome. Option D has a normal blood pressure, very low HDL levels, and slightly elevated blood glucose, but the blood pressure is not in the hypertensive range as in choice B.
Question 2 of 5
A 22-year-old patient calls the outpatient clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting and right lower abdominal pain. What should the nurse advise the patient to do?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient is experiencing symptoms that could indicate appendicitis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Nausea, vomiting, and right lower abdominal pain are classic signs of appendicitis. Advising the patient to have the symptoms evaluated by a healthcare provider right away is crucial to prevent potential complications like a ruptured appendix. Choice A is incorrect because using a heating pad may worsen the condition if it is indeed appendicitis. Choice B is incorrect because drinking juice may not address the underlying cause of the symptoms. Choice C is incorrect because taking a laxative is not recommended as it could potentially aggravate the condition. In summary, choice D is the correct answer as it prioritizes the patient's health and safety by seeking prompt medical evaluation for the concerning symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
In report, the nurse learns that the patient has a transverse colostomy. What should the nurse expect when providing care for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Semiliquid stools with increased fluid requirements. A transverse colostomy is located in the upper part of the colon, where stool consistency is more liquid. This type of colostomy typically produces semiliquid stools due to the shorter transit time in the colon, leading to increased fluid requirements to prevent dehydration. Summary of other choices: B: Liquid stools in a pouch and increased fluid requirements - Incorrect because transverse colostomies produce semiliquid stools, not entirely liquid. C: Formed stools with a pouch, needing irrigation, but no fluid needs - Incorrect as transverse colostomies do not produce formed stools, and fluid intake is necessary. D: Semiformed stools in a pouch with the need to monitor fluid balance - Incorrect because transverse colostomies produce semiliquid stools, not semiformed, and increased fluid intake is needed.
Question 4 of 5
What causes the systemic effects of viral hepatitis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: Activation of the complement system by antigen-antibody complexes leads to systemic effects in viral hepatitis. This process triggers inflammation, tissue damage, and immune responses that contribute to the systemic effects seen in viral hepatitis. The other choices (A, B, and C) do not directly cause systemic effects in viral hepatitis. Cholestasis and impaired portal circulation are more localized effects, while toxins produced by the infected liver may contribute to liver damage but not necessarily systemic effects.
Question 5 of 5
In discussing long-term management with the patient with alcoholic cirrhosis, what should the nurse advise the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Abstinence from alcohol is the most important factor in improvement of the patient's condition. This is because alcohol is the primary cause of alcoholic cirrhosis, and continued consumption can worsen liver damage. Abstinence allows the liver to heal and potentially improve function. Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect: A: A daily exercise regimen is important for overall health but may not specifically increase blood flow through the liver in alcoholic cirrhosis. B: Cirrhosis is irreversible, although proper rest and nutrition can help manage symptoms and prevent further damage. D: Acetaminophen can be harmful to the liver in high doses and should be used cautiously in patients with cirrhosis.