Which female disorder is characterized by only one X chromosome present instead of two?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding genetic disorders is crucial for healthcare professionals. The correct answer to the question is C) Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is a genetic condition in females where one of the X chromosomes is missing or partially missing. This results in a variety of developmental issues, such as short stature, webbed neck, and infertility. Option A) Gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in males due to hormonal imbalances, not related to the number of X chromosomes. Option B) Menstruation is a normal physiological process in females related to the reproductive system, not a genetic disorder. Option D) Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder in males where there is at least one extra X chromosome (XXY). This is different from Turner syndrome, which involves a missing X chromosome in females. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of understanding genetic disorders for pharmacological interventions and patient care. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of genetic disorders like Turner syndrome can lead to early detection and appropriate management strategies. Pharmacists and other healthcare providers need to be knowledgeable about these conditions to provide comprehensive care to patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Performing a self-breast exam is an important aspect of health promotion and early detection of breast abnormalities. In this scenario, the nurse would recommend the teenager perform a self-breast exam on May 23. This recommendation is based on the typical menstrual cycle length of 28 days. Conducting the exam a week after the expected period allows for breast tissue to be less engorged and tender, reducing discomfort and improving accuracy in detecting any changes. Option A (May 11) is too early as it falls before the expected period and breast tenderness may be at its peak, making it uncomfortable for the teenager to perform the exam effectively. Option B (May 14) coincides with the expected period, when hormonal fluctuations can also affect breast tissue, potentially leading to false alarms. Option C (May 17) is closer to the expected period date and may still have hormonal influences on breast tissue, affecting the accuracy of the exam. Educationally, understanding the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle and their impact on breast tissue is crucial for individuals to know the best time to perform self-breast exams. Providing this information empowers individuals to take charge of their health and detect any abnormalities early, improving health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response to the screening for metabolic syndrome is option C: "This syndrome is a warning sign that the person could develop heart disease. Lifestyle changes are recommended." This option is correct because metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, weight management, regular physical activity, and smoking cessation are crucial in managing metabolic syndrome and reducing the risk of associated complications. Option A is incorrect because metabolic syndrome includes specific criteria such as central obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood sugar - not low blood sugar. Option B is incorrect as it oversimplifies the management of metabolic syndrome by suggesting that medication alone can address the condition, neglecting the importance of lifestyle changes. Option D is incorrect because it confuses metabolic syndrome with coronary artery disease, which are distinct conditions with different diagnostic criteria and implications. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare professionals to understand the components of metabolic syndrome, its implications on cardiovascular health, and the primary role of lifestyle interventions in its management. Screening for metabolic syndrome allows for early identification of individuals at risk, enabling timely interventions to prevent the progression to more severe health conditions. Educating individuals about the importance of lifestyle modifications empowers them to take control of their health and reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a program about STDs for young adults, the nurse should include accurate information to promote understanding and prevention. Option B, "STDs can only be transmitted through sexual intercourse," is the correct answer. This is crucial to emphasize because STDs can be transmitted through various means such as oral, anal, and vaginal sex, as well as through skin-to-skin contact. By highlighting the multiple modes of transmission, young adults are better equipped to make informed decisions to protect themselves. Option A, stating that STDs are the third most common infection in young adults, is incorrect because it does not provide specific information about transmission, prevention, or the seriousness of STDs. Option C is incorrect as STDs can present as multiple infections concurrently or sequentially, not just as a single infection. Option D is also incorrect as STDs may not always be the primary reason for health center visits among young adults. In an educational context, it is essential to stress the importance of accurate information about STDs to combat misconceptions and promote safe practices. Understanding the modes of transmission empowers young adults to engage in healthy behaviors and seek appropriate healthcare when needed. By emphasizing the correct information, nurses can contribute to reducing the incidence of STDs and promoting overall well-being among young adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, the correct answer for Hispanic women aged 18-35 to increase in their diet is option B) Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for women of childbearing age as it helps prevent neural tube defects in babies during pregnancy. Hispanic women have a higher risk of neural tube defects, making folic acid supplementation crucial for this demographic group. Option A) Calcium is important for bone health, but it is not specifically crucial for Hispanic women aged 18-35 unless they have specific dietary deficiencies or medical conditions that require increased calcium intake. Option C) Iron is important for women to prevent anemia, but in this specific demographic group, folic acid takes precedence due to its role in preventing birth defects. Option D) Sodium is generally recommended to be limited in the diet to prevent hypertension and other cardiovascular issues, so it is not a nutrient that should be increased in the diet of Hispanic women aged 18-35. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of tailoring dietary recommendations based on specific demographic factors and health considerations. Understanding the unique needs of different population groups is essential in promoting health and preventing disease, especially in women of childbearing age.