Which family member statement indicates that learning has occurred regarding the difference between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately distinguishes between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders. Schizoid individuals prefer to be alone and lack desire for close relationships, while avoidant individuals desire intimacy but fear rejection. Choice B is incorrect because schizoid personality disorder does not necessarily involve odd or eccentric behavior, and avoidant personality disorder can involve social inhibition. Choice C is incorrect because avoidant personality disorder does not involve eccentric behavior, and schizoid personality disorder does not necessarily make individuals dull or vacant. Choice D is incorrect because schizoid personality disorder is not characterized by psychotic thought processes, and avoidant personality disorder is not necessarily more rooted in reality.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because individuals with personality disorders typically do not see their behavior as problematic. They often lack insight into their behaviors and believe their actions are normal. This lack of awareness and acceptance of their altered behaviors is a common characteristic of personality disorders. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because individuals with personality disorders often do not understand the impact of their behaviors on others, do not seek treatment willingly, and may have difficulties in relationships due to their maladaptive behaviors rather than past negative experiences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because establishing trust with a caregiver is a realistic outcome for a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Trust is crucial for building a therapeutic relationship and facilitating progress in therapy. Choice A is unrealistic as not all children with ASD will be able to communicate verbally by discharge. Choice B is unrealistic as it sets a specific time frame for participation in team sports, which may not be achievable for all children with ASD. Choice D is also unrealistic as some children with ASD may require ongoing support with self-care tasks. Overall, choice C is the most realistic and achievable outcome that focuses on building a foundational relationship for the child's overall well-being and progress.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antipsychotic medications. Antipsychotics, like haloperidol or risperidone, are recognized as effective in treating Tourette's disorder due to their ability to reduce tics and other symptoms by modulating dopamine activity. Other options such as antimanic medications (B), tricyclic antidepressants (C), and MAOIs (D) are not typically used as first-line treatments for Tourette's. Antimanic medications are more commonly used for bipolar disorder, tricyclic antidepressants may exacerbate tics, and MAOIs have limited evidence for effectiveness in Tourette's.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Methylphenidate is a stimulant that works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine. It helps improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. While the exact mechanism of how it works is not fully understood, research suggests that it enhances the activity of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Choice A is incorrect because methylphenidate is not a sedative and does not decrease energy levels. Choice C is incorrect because methylphenidate works by increasing, not decreasing, the levels of dopamine in the brain. Choice D is incorrect because methylphenidate primarily affects dopamine and norepinephrine levels, not serotonin levels. In summary, choice B is the correct answer as it accurately describes the general understanding of how methylphenidate works as a stimulant to alleviate symptoms of ADHD.