Which factors make up the epidemiological triad?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The epidemiological triad consists of three components: agent, host, and environment. The agent is the cause of the disease, the host is the individual affected by the disease, and the environment includes external factors influencing the disease transmission. These factors interact to determine the occurrence and spread of diseases. Choice A is correct as it accurately represents the components of the epidemiological triad. Choices B, C, and D do not represent the complete triad and are therefore incorrect. Choice B focuses on descriptive aspects, while Choice C includes mode of transmission instead of the environment, and Choice D includes portal of entry and exit, but misses the host and environment components.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Public health surveillance involves monitoring occurrences of public health problems to identify trends, patterns, and risk factors. This data helps in planning and implementing effective interventions to prevent and control diseases. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the primary action of surveillance. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the response to surveillance findings, not the primary purpose. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on data collection rather than monitoring. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to contact tracing, which is a specific activity within surveillance but not its primary focus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prior vaccination with BCG. The rationale is that BCG vaccination can cause false-positive results in Mantoux TST testing due to cross-reactivity with the tuberculin protein. T-Spot testing, which is based on measuring T-cell response to TB antigens, is not affected by BCG vaccination. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Family member who is 10 years of age - Age is not a determining factor in choosing between T-Spot and Mantoux testing. C: Symptoms of night sweats, fevers, chills, and hemoptysis - These symptoms suggest active TB and would require further evaluation, not a choice between T-Spot and Mantoux testing. D: A negative chest X-ray and negative sputum testing for MTB - These results indicate absence of active TB but do not guide the choice between T-Spot and Mantoux testing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: System for Enteric Disease Response, Investigation, and Coordination (SEDRIC). The CDC would utilize this system specifically for tracking and investigating foodborne illnesses because it is designed to focus on enteric diseases, which includes foodborne illnesses. SEDRIC allows for timely response, investigation, and coordination of efforts related to foodborne illness outbreaks. Option B is left blank (error) and does not provide any information. Option C, National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS), is a system that tracks notifiable diseases but may not specifically focus on foodborne illnesses. Option D, Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), is an international network designed to respond to global outbreaks, not specifically tailored for tracking and investigating foodborne illnesses within the US.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B because as a nurse epidemiologist, the nurse's primary role is to evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases. This involves analyzing data, identifying trends, and patterns to help prevent and control the spread of diseases within a population. This activity aligns with the core responsibilities of a nurse epidemiologist in monitoring and managing public health issues. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Eliciting health history is typically done by nurses in direct patient care roles, not specifically by nurse epidemiologists. C: Performing physical examinations is more in line with clinical nursing practice rather than epidemiological analysis. D: The option is incomplete and irrelevant to the role of a nurse epidemiologist.