ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 4
Which factors make up the epidemiological triad?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Agent, host, environment. In the epidemiological triad, these factors interact to determine the occurrence and distribution of a disease. The agent is the cause of the disease, the host is the individual affected, and the environment includes external factors influencing the disease transmission. This triad helps in understanding the dynamics of disease spread. Choice B focuses on elements of descriptive epidemiology, not the triad. Choice C includes elements of the chain of infection, not the triad. Choice D includes components of the chain of infection, not the triad.
Question 2 of 4
Public health surveillance can be described primarily as which of the following actions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because public health surveillance involves monitoring occurrences of public health problems to understand patterns, trends, and risk factors. It helps in detecting outbreaks, planning interventions, and evaluating the effectiveness of public health programs. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the response to surveillance findings, not surveillance itself. Choice C is incorrect as surveillance involves systematic data collection rather than gathering information from community members. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to contact tracing, which is a specific activity within outbreak investigation, not surveillance.
Question 3 of 4
The community health nurse is conducting a health screening of an immigrant family. Which finding is an indication of the need for T-Spot testing instead of Mantoux TST testing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Prior BCG vaccination can cause false-positive results in Mantoux TST testing. Step 2: T-Spot testing is unaffected by prior BCG vaccination, making it more reliable in this case. Step 3: Choosing T-Spot over Mantoux will provide a more accurate assessment of TB infection. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A. Summary of other choices: B: Age of family member is not a factor in choosing between T-Spot and Mantoux. C: Symptoms indicate active TB, which would require further diagnostic testing, not just T-Spot. D: Negative chest X-ray and sputum tests suggest no active TB, but doesn't impact choice of T-Spot over Mantoux.
Question 4 of 4
Which surveillance system would the CDC utilize to track and investigate foodborne illnesses?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: System for Enteric Disease Response, Investigation, and Coordination (SEDRI). The CDC would utilize SEDRI for tracking and investigating foodborne illnesses because it is specifically designed for managing enteric diseases like foodborne illnesses. SEDRI allows for prompt response, coordination, and investigation of outbreaks, helping the CDC to effectively monitor and control the spread of foodborne illnesses. Choice B is incorrect because it is not a specific surveillance system related to enteric diseases. Choice C, the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS), focuses on a broader range of notifiable diseases and may not be as specialized for foodborne illnesses as SEDRI. Choice D, the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), is more focused on global outbreaks rather than specific surveillance for foodborne illnesses within the US.