ATI RN
Epidemiology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which factor related to the agent will the nurse include when discussing the epidemiological triad?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pathogenicity. In the epidemiological triad model, pathogenicity refers to the ability of an agent to cause disease. This factor is crucial as it directly relates to the agent's capability to infect and harm individuals. Pathogenicity influences the agent's virulence, infectivity, and capability to cause disease outbreaks. Susceptibility (B) refers to the host's vulnerability to the agent and is not directly related to the agent itself. Reservoirs (C) refer to the environment where the agent resides and can multiply, but it is not a factor related to the agent's inherent characteristics. Environmental changes (D) may affect the transmission of the agent but do not specifically relate to the agent's properties. Therefore, pathogenicity is the most relevant factor related to the agent when discussing the epidemiological triad.
Question 2 of 5
Which action by the nurse during an infectious disease outbreak is an example of a secondary prevention measure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Engaging in contact tracing. Secondary prevention aims to identify and intervene early in the course of a disease to prevent its progression. Contact tracing helps to identify individuals who may have been exposed to the infectious disease, allowing for early intervention to prevent further spread. Administering immunizations (A) is a form of primary prevention to prevent the initial occurrence of the disease. Providing direct care to infected individuals (C) is a form of tertiary prevention aimed at managing the impact of the disease. Educating the public about disease transmission (D) is essential for prevention but does not directly involve early identification and intervention like contact tracing.
Question 3 of 5
Which best describes what is happening with infectious diseases in the United States?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Probably one of the most profound failures in infectious disease control in the United States and elsewhere is that the successes are not equally distributed in the general population. Infectious diseases continue to be differentially distributed by income and ethnic groups, and the poor and minorities continue to experience the greater burden. There continues to be an increase in vector-borne infections, but there has been a decrease in food-borne and waterborne infections. There is concern that deadly pathogens will be weaponized by terrorists.
Question 4 of 5
A school had tried very hard to uphold the requirement for all children to be vaccinated. However, state law allowed parents to exempt their child if they had a religious reason for refusal. Two children have been diagnosed with chickenpox. Which will be the most likely result?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Herd immunity is a state in which those not immune to an infectious agent will be protected if a certain proportion (generally considered to be $80 \%$ ) of the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune. Because most children in the school are immune, it will be difficult for the chickenpox to spread.
Question 5 of 5
Which has been determined to be a major variable in transmission of sexually transmitted infections?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The researchers concluded that ecosocial or contextual conditions strongly enhance sexually transmitted infection risk by increasing sexual risk behaviors and likelihood of exposure to infection. Thus, the environment has been determined to be a more important variable in sexually transmitted infections than the pathogenesis, susceptibility, and the amount of sex education provided.