Which factor influences social stratification?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of social stratification, the correct answer is option A) Education level. Social stratification refers to the division of society into different layers based on various factors like wealth, power, and social status. Education level plays a crucial role in determining one's social position because it directly impacts opportunities for employment, income potential, and overall social mobility. Education is a key factor in determining an individual's access to resources and opportunities, which in turn influences their social standing. Higher levels of education are often associated with better-paying jobs, increased social status, and more opportunities for advancement. As a result, individuals with higher education levels tend to occupy higher positions in the social hierarchy. Regarding the incorrect options: - Option B) Climate conditions: Climate conditions do not directly influence social stratification. While they may impact factors like agriculture and living conditions, they are not a primary determinant of social status. - Option C) Geographical location: While geographical location can play a role in social stratification, it is not as direct a factor as education level. Factors like access to resources, economic opportunities, and social networks within a location can influence social status. - Option D) Time zones: Time zones have no direct correlation with social stratification. They are a geographical and logistical construct rather than a social determinant. Educationally, understanding the factors that influence social stratification is essential for students studying pediatric nursing. A deeper comprehension of how education, among other factors, can impact the health and well-being of children from different social backgrounds is crucial for providing effective and equitable care. By grasping these concepts, nurses can better advocate for resources and support for children in vulnerable social positions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In RF-positive polyarthritis, the presence of extensor surface nodules is NOT a characteristic feature. These nodules are typically associated with conditions like rheumatic fever but are not commonly seen in RF-positive polyarthritis. Fever is a common symptom in many inflammatory conditions, including polyarthritis, so option A is not the correct answer. Evanescent rash is a transient rash that can be seen in conditions like juvenile idiopathic arthritis, making option B incorrect. Uveitis, inflammation of the eye, is a known complication of polyarthritis, so option C is also incorrect. Educationally, understanding the specific manifestations of different types of arthritis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the unique features of RF-positive polyarthritis helps in early detection, appropriate management, and improving outcomes for children with this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis (JAS) compared to Adult-Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis (AOAS), axial disease occurs less frequently early in the disease course. This is because JAS often presents with peripheral arthritis before progressing to axial involvement, unlike AOAS where axial disease typically manifests earlier. Option A is correct as JAS is indeed present in patients younger than 16 years old. Option C is incorrect because inflammatory back pain is actually less frequent at disease onset in JAS compared to AOAS. Option D is incorrect as enthesitis occurs more commonly in JAS, distinguishing it from AOAS. Understanding these differences is crucial for healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with suspected JAS. Recognizing the unique clinical features of JAS can lead to early diagnosis and appropriate management, ultimately improving outcomes for these young patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of a 12-year-old female adolescent with mild arthritis and a faint malar rash, the most appropriate initial therapy is hydroxychloroquine (Option C). This choice is based on the consideration of the patient's age, symptoms, and the most conservative approach to treatment. Hydroxychloroquine is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) commonly used in the treatment of mild arthritis in children due to its favorable safety profile compared to other DMARDs. It is particularly effective in managing mild symptoms and can help control the autoimmune response that leads to arthritis and rash in this case. Steroids (Option A) may be effective in suppressing inflammation but are generally not the first choice due to their potential long-term side effects, especially in children. Systemic methotrexate (Option B) and cyclophosphamide (Option D) are more potent medications typically reserved for more severe cases of arthritis and lupus, and their use in mild cases without trying milder options first would not be appropriate. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to consider the patient's age, disease severity, potential side effects of medications, and the goal of achieving symptom control with the least harm. Understanding the hierarchy of treatment options and tailoring therapy to the individual patient's needs are crucial aspects of pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a 16-year-old female with Behcet disease involving oral and genital ulcers and erythema nodosum, the BEST treatment option is colchicine (Option A). Colchicine is effective in managing the symptoms of Behcet disease, particularly oral and genital ulcers, due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It helps reduce inflammation and control ulcer formation, which are common manifestations of Behcet disease in adolescents. Azathioprine (Option B), cyclophosphamide (Option C), and steroids (Option D) are not the first-line treatments for Behcet disease in this scenario. Azathioprine and cyclophosphamide are immunosuppressants that are usually reserved for severe cases or when colchicine fails to provide adequate symptom relief. Steroids are not preferred due to their potential for significant side effects, especially in long-term use in adolescents. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind treatment choices is crucial for nursing students to provide safe and evidence-based care. Knowing the appropriate medications for specific conditions like Behcet disease ensures optimal patient outcomes. It is essential to consider the patient's age, disease presentation, and potential side effects of medications when selecting the most appropriate treatment option.