Which factor affects food security?

Question 1 of 5

A. Excessive food imports B. Overproduction of crops C. Climate change D. Reduced agricultural subsidies

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Climate change poses a major threat to food security by affecting crop yields and causing extreme weather events that disrupt agriculture.

Question 2 of 5

For a 5-year-old child with breath-holding spells, which response/advice is NOT true?

A. Reassurance and behavioral instruction B. Order MRI brain C. Order EEG D. Neurological consultation

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: While reassurance and behavioral strategies are appropriate, ordering an MRI brain is unnecessary unless neurological concerns exist. EEG may help rule out seizures.

Question 3 of 5

Nocturnal enuresis is described by all of the following EXCEPT

A. being primary or secondary B. having a strong genetic component C. occurring at all stages of sleep D. when primary,being associated with emotional disorders

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Primary nocturnal enuresis is generally not linked to emotional disorders but instead to factors like genetics, bladder capacity, or nighttime urine production.

Question 4 of 5

On the second day of life, the patient in Questions and experiences bradycardia and hypotension with cyanosis and a metabolic acidosis Likely diagnoses include (may choose more than one)

A. Subcapsular hepatic hematoma B. Intraventricular hemorrhage C. Pneumomediastinum D. Hypoglycemia

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Preterm infants have limited glycogen stores and are at risk of hypoglycemia, which can lead to bradycardia, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis.

Question 5 of 5

A 3-year-old female child with repeated admissions as bleeding tendency in a form of spontaneous ecchymosis and bleeding through the nose and urine. She had another daughter who died because of similar undiagnosed illness. The mother is a staff nurse and she is highly concerned about her child illness. Lab investigations usually show either PT and/or PTT prolongation with normal platelets, which usually normalized after empiric vitamin K administration. The father is a petrol engineer and never seen accompanying the family. Of the following, the MOST helpful investigation is

A. factor VII assay B. factor II assay C. drug level D. von Willebrand factor assay

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Factor VII deficiency is consistent with the described coagulation profile (PT prolongation, normal platelets, improvement with vitamin K). Factor II assay and von Willebrand factor assay are less relevant here.